Offers and Offer Refusals

A postcolonial pragmatics perspective on World Englishes

| University of Bayreuth
Hardbound – Available
ISBN 9789027201737 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
e-Book –
ISBN 9789027263285 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
This study offers a pragmatic dimension to World Englishes research. It is particularly timely because pragmatics has generally been understudied in past research on World Englishes, especially postcolonial Englishes. Apart from drawing attention to the paucity of research, the book also contributes to theory formation on the emerging theoretical framework, postcolonial pragmatics, which is then applied to data from two World (postcolonial) Englishes, Ghanaian and Cameroon Englishes. The copious examples used clearly illustrate how postcolonial societies realise various pragmatic phenomena, in this case offers and offer refusals, and how these could be fruitfully explained using an analytical framework designed on the complex internal set ups of these societies. For research on social interaction in these societies to be representative, it has to take into account the complex history of their evolution, contact with other systems during colonialism, and the heritages thereof. This book does just that.
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 298]  2018.  xix, 316 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.298
Table of Contents
Preface
xiii–xiv
List of tables
xv–xvi
List of figures
xvii
List of abbreviations
xix
Chapter 1. Introduction: Offers, refusals in postcolonial multilingual societies: New research directions
2–28
Chapter 2. Postcolonial pragmatics: A theoretical framework for postcolonial multilingual societies
30–62
Chapter 3. Offers, refusals and professional status
64–136
Chapter 4. Offers, refusals and age
138–193
Chapter 5. Offers, refusals and peer equality
196–248
Chapter 6. Postcolonial hybrid structures and social interaction
250–273
Chapter 7. Conclusion: On offer-refusal communicative acts: General implications for future research
276–283
References
285–295
Appendix 1. Discourse Completion Task Questionnaire
298
Appendix 2. Offer vertical structures in offer situation 1
300–302
Appendix 3. Offer vertical structures in offer situation 2
305–306
Appendix 4. Offer vertical structure in offer situation 3
307–308
Appendix 5. Positions of offer head acts in communicative acts
309–310
Name index
311
Subject index
313–315
“The volume can serve as a resourceful reference for researchers and students who are interested in postcolonial pragmatics, discourse analysis and variationist sociolinguistics.”
“This work represents the first book-length publication dealing with pragmatics in postcolonial Englishes and as such is most welcome to anyone interested in these varieties of English and this dimension of linguistic description.”
References

References

Abbott, Gerry
1991 “English across Cultures: The Kachru Catch.” English Today 7(4): 55–57.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Adegbija, Efurosibina E.
1989a “A Comparative Study of Politeness Phenomena in Nigerian English, Yoruba and Ogori.” Multilingua 8 (1): 57–80.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1989b “Lexico-Semantic Variation in Nigerian English.” World Englishes 8 (2): 165–177.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Afful, Joseph B.
2006a “Address Terms among University Students in Ghana: A Case Study.” Language and Intercultural Communication 6 (1): 76–91.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006b “Non-Kinship Address Terms in Akan: A Sociolinguistic Study of Language Use in Ghana.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 27 (4): 275–289.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2007 “Address Forms and Variation among University Students in Ghana.” Nordic Journal of African Studies 16 (2): 179–196.Google Scholar
Aijmer, Karin
1996 Conversational Routines in English: Convention and Creativity. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Ameka Felix K.
2009 “Access Rituals in West African Communities: An Ethnopragmatic Perspective.” In Ritual Communication, ed. by Gunter Senft, and Ellen B. Basso, 127–151. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Anchimbe, Eric A.
2005 “Anglophonism and Francophonism: The Stakes of (Official) Language Identity in Cameroon.” Alizes: Revue Angliciste de la Réunion 25/26: 7–26.Google Scholar
2006a Cameroon English: Authenticity, Ecology and Evolution. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
2006b “Hybrid Linguistic Identities in Postcolonial Africa: The Intricacy of Identity Opportunism in Multilingual Cameroon.” In New Hybridities: Societies and Cultures in Transition, ed. by Frank Heidemann, and Alfonso de Toro, 237–261. Leipzig: Olms Verlag.Google Scholar
2007a “Linguabridity: Redefining Linguistic Identities among Children in Urban Areas.” In Eric A. Anchimbe (ed.), pp. 66–86.Google Scholar
2007b “Introduction: Multilingualism, Postcolonialism and Linguistic Identity: Towards a New Vision of Postcolonial Spaces.” In Eric A. Anchimbe (ed.), pp. 1–22.Google Scholar
(ed.) 2007c Linguistic Identity in Postcolonial Multilingual Spaces. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Google Scholar
2008 “ ‘Come Greet Uncle Eric’: Politeness through Kinship Terms.” In Bernard Mulo Farenkia (ed.), pp. 109–119.Google Scholar
2010 “Constructing a Diaspora Anglophone Cameroonian Identity Online.” In Handbook of Research on Discourse Behaviour and Digital Communication: Language Structures and Social Interaction, ed. by Rotimi Taiwo, 130–144. Hershey PA: IGI Global.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011a “ ‘Take a Beer’ – ‘Thanks. Sorry, I Prefer Another Day’: A Postcolonial Pragmatic Perspective on Offers and Offer Refusals. In Anglistentag 2010 Proceedings, ed. by Joachim Frenk, and Lena Steveker, 421–431. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.Google Scholar
2011b On not Calling People by their Names: Pragmatic Undertones of Sociocultural Relationships in a Postcolony. Journal of Pragmatics 43 (6): 1472–1483.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2012 Lexical Strategies of Linguistic Victimisation in Cameroon. English Today 28 (2): 39–46.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Anchimbe Eric A.
2013a “ ‘Motions of Support’ and the Communicative Act of Thanking in Political Discourse.” In The Pragmatics of Political Discourse: Explorations across Cultures, ed. by Anita Fetzer, 219–242. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2013b Language Policy and Identity Construction: The Dynamics of Cameroon’s Multilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 2014 Structural and Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Indigenisation: On Multilingualism and Language Evolution. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Anchimbe, Eric A.
2015 “Code-Switching between Identity and Exclusion.” In Code-switching: Between Structural and Sociolinguistic Perspectives, ed. by Gerald Stell, and Kofi Yakpo, 139–161. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
2016a “Greetings in Cameroon English.” In Bernard Mulo Farenkia (ed.) 2016a, pp. 247–268.Google Scholar
2016b “Invoking Kinship in Offers and Refusals: A Postcolonial Pragmatics Perspective.” In Christoph Schubert, and Laurenz Volkmann (eds.), pp. 1–23.Google Scholar
2018 “Cameroon Pidgin as Index of Speakers’ Social Statuses and Roles: Evidence from Literary Texts.’ In Creolization and Pidginization in Contexts of Postcolonial Diversity: Language, Culture, Identity, ed. by Jacqueline Knörr, and Wilson Trajano Filho, 360–383. Leiden: Brill.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
forthcoming. “The Impact of Socio-Ethnic Stereotypes on the Refusal of Offers.” In Languages of Education in Africa: Issues, Challenges and Perspectives. Festschrift for Samuel Beban Chumbow ed. by Pius Tamanji, and Augustin Simo Bobda. Dakar: CODESRIA.
Anchimbe, Eric A. and Richard W. Janney
(eds.) 2011b  Postcolonial Pragmatics, special issue, Journal of Pragmatics 43 (6): 1451–1539.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011a “Postcolonial Pragmatics: An Introduction.” Journal of Pragmatics 43 (6): 1451–1459.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2017 “Postcolonial Pragmatics.” In Routledge Handbook of Pragmatics, ed. by Anne Barron, Yueguo Gu, and Gerard Steen, 105–120. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Anderson, Jemima A.
2006 “Request Forms in English in Ghana.” Legon Journal of the Humanities XV11: 75–103.Google Scholar
2009 “Polite Requests in Non-Native Varieties of English: The Case of Ghanaian English.” Linguistic Atlantica 30: 59–86.Google Scholar
Anderson, Jemima A., Grace Diabah, and Patience Afrakoma hMensa
2011 “Powerful Women in Powerless Language: Media Misrepresentation of African Women in Politics (the Case of Liberia).” Journal of Pragmatics 43 (10): 2509–2518.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Asher, R. E.
(ed.) 1994 The Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Atanga, Lilian L.
2010 Gender, Discourse and Power in the Cameroonian Parliament. Bamenda: Langaa Publishers.Google Scholar
2012 “Language Choice, Identity, and Power in the Cameroonian Parliament.” In Language Contact in a Postcolonial Context, ed. by Eric A. Anchimbe, 141–162. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Atindogbé, Gratien G., and Evelyn F. Chibaka
2012 “Pronouns in Cameroon Pidgin English.” In Language Contact in a Postcolonial Context, ed. by Eric A. Anchimbe, 215–244. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Austin, John L.
1962 How to Do Things with Words. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bhabha, Homi K.
1994 The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bamgbose, Ayo
1998 Torn between the Norms: Innovations in World Englishes. World Englishes 17 (1): 1–14.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bamgbose, Ayo, Ayo Banjo, and Andrew Thomas
(eds.) 1995 New Englishes: A West African Perspective. Ibadan: Mosuro.Google Scholar
Barron, Anne, and Klaus P. Schneider
(eds.) 2005 The Pragmatics of Irish English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Barron, Anne
2003 Acquisition in Interlanguage Pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2005 “Offering in Ireland and England.” In Anne Barron and Klaus P. Schneider (eds.), pp. 141–177.Google Scholar
2008 “The Structure of Requests in Irish English and English English.” In Klaus P. Schneider and Anne Barron (eds.), 35–67.Google Scholar
Beattie, John
1980 “Representations of the Self in Traditional Africa.” Africa 50 (3): 313–320.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mulo Farenkia, Bernard
(ed.) 2016a Im/politesse et Rituels Interactionnels en Contextes Plurilingues et Multiculturels : Situations, Stratégies, Enjeux. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, Juliane House, and Gabriele Kasper
(eds.) 1989a Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. Norwood: Ablex Publishing.Google Scholar
1989b “The CCSARP Coding Manual.” In Shoshana Blum-Kulka et al. (eds.), pp. 273–294.Google Scholar
1989c “Investigating Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: An Introductory Overview.” In Shoshana Blum-Kulka et al. (eds.), pp. 1–34.Google Scholar
Blum-Kulka, Shoshana
1983 “Interpreting and Performing Speech Acts in a Second Language: A Cross-Cultural Study of Hebrew and English.” In Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition, ed. by Nessa Wolfson, and Elliot Jude, 36–55. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Boadi, L. A.
1971 “Education and the Role of English in Ghana.’ In John Spencer (ed.), pp. 49–65.Google Scholar
Bonn, Marta
2007 Children’s Understanding of ‘Ubuntu’. Early Child Development and Care 177: 863–873.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Boukari, Oumarou
2016 ““Toi-Même Merci!”: Entre Politesse et Impolitesse dans les Interactions en Côte d’Ivoire.” In Bernard Mulo Farenkia (ed) 2016a, pp. 35–57.Google Scholar
Brown, Lucien
2011 Korean Honorifics and Politeness in Second Language Learning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Penelope and Stephen C. Levinson
1987 Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Penelope, Levinson, Stephen
1978 “Universals in Language Usage: Politeness Phenomena.” In Questions and Politeness, ed. by Esther N. Goody. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Coulmas, Florian
1981 Conversational Routine: Explorations in Standardized Communication Situations and Prepatterned Speech. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Dako, Kari
2001 “Ghanaianisms.” English World-Wide 22 (1): 23–53.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dassi, E.
2008 “De la Sémantique à la Morphosyntaxe: De l’Intégration des Socioculturèmes Bamiléké de Politesse dans l’Expression Française Contemporaine: Cas du Le Crane de Gilbert Doho.” In Bernard Mulo Farenkia (ed.), pp. 137–150.Google Scholar
de Kadt, Elizabeth
1992 “Requests as Speech Acts in Zulu.” South African Journal of African Languages 12 (3): 101–106.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1994 “Towards a Model for the Study of Politeness in Zulu.” South African Journal of African Languages 14 (3): 103–112.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1995 “The Cross-Cultural Study of Directives: Zulu as a Non-Typical Language.” South African Journal of African Linguistics, Supplement 27: 45–72.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1998 The Concept of Face and its Applicability to the Zulu Language.” Journal of Pragmatics 29: 173–191.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dlali, Mawande
2001 “Negative Politeness and Requests in isiXhosa.” South African Journal of African Languages 21 (4): 366–376.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2003 The Speech Act of Complaint in isiXhosa.” South African Journal of African Languages 23 (3): 131–143.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2004 “The Speech Act of Apology in isiXhosa Educational Contexts.” South African Journal of African Languages 24 (2): 118–131.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dlali, Mawande and Phuti Mogase
2009 “The Speech Act of Advice in Setswana Educational Contexts.” South African Journal of African Languages 29 (2): 145–157.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Drescher, Martina
2012 “Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Advice: The Case of French and Cameroonian Radio Phone ins.” In Contrastive Media Analysis: Approaches to Linguistic and Cultural Aspects of Mass Media Communication, ed. by Stefan Hauser, and Martin Luginbühl, 11–45. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Echu, George
2008 “Forms of Address as a Politeness Strategy in Cameroon Pidgin English.” In: Bernard Mulo Farenkia (ed.), pp. 121–133.Google Scholar
Edmondson, Willis, and Juliane House
1981 Let’s Talk and Talk About It: A Pedagogic Interactional Grammar of English. München: Urban and Scharzenberg.Google Scholar
Edmondson, Willis
1981 Spoken Discourse: A Model for Analysis. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Eelen, Gino
2001 A Critique of Politeness Theories. Manchester: St Jerome.Google Scholar
Egner, Inge
2006 “Intercultural Aspects of the Speech Act of Promising: Western and African Practices.” Intercultural Pragmatics 3–4: 443–464.Google Scholar
Ellis, Rod
1985 Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ervin-Tripp, Susan M.
1976 “ ‘Is Sybil there?’ The Structure of some American English Directives.” Language in Society 5: 25–66.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Eyoh, Dickson
1998 “Conflicting Narratives of Anglophone Protest and the Politics of Identity in Cameroon. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 16 (2): 249–276.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fanon, Frantz
1952 Black Skins, White Masks. France: Éditions du Seuil.Google Scholar
Félix-Brasdefer, J. César
2009 “Pragmatic Variation across Spanish(es): Requesting in Mexican, Costa Rican and Dominican Spanish. Intercultural Pragmatics 6 (4): 473–515.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Finlayson, Ruth
2002 “Women’s Language of Respect: ‘isihlonipho sabafazi’.” In Language in South Africa, ed. by Rajend Mesthrie, 279–296. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fonlon, Bernard N.
1969 “The Language Problem in Cameroon.” ABBIA 22: 5–40.Google Scholar
Fukushima, Saeko
2000 Requests and Culture: Politeness in British English and Japanese. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Gocking, Roger S.
2005 The History of Ghana. London: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Goddard, Cliff
2006 “Ethnopragmatics: A New Paradigm.” In Ethnopragmatics, ed. by Cliff Goddard, 1–30. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Goffman, Erving
1967 Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behaviour. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
1969 Strategic Interaction. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Goron, Amina
2016 “Les Rituels de Salutation Chez les Bororos du Nord-Cameroun.” In Bernard Mulo Farenkia (ed.) 2016a, pp. 269–279.Google Scholar
Gough, David H.
1995 “Some Problems for Politeness Theory: Deference and Directness in Xhosa Performative Requests.” South African Journal of African Languages 15 (3): 123–125.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Grainger, Karen, Sara Mills, and Mandla Sibanda
2010 “ ‘Just Tell us What to Do’: Southern African Face and its Relevance to Intercultural Communication.” Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8): 2158–2171.Google Scholar
Grice, Paul H.
1975 “Logic and Conversation.” In Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3, Speech Acts, ed. by Peter Cole, and Jerry L. Morgan, 41–58. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gu, Yueguo
1990 “Politeness Phenomena in Modern Chinese.” Journal of Pragmatics 14 (2): 237–257.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hancher, Michael
1979 “The Classification of Cooperative Illocutionary Acts.” Language in Society 8 (1): 1–14.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hanks, William F., Sachiko Ide, and Yasuhiro Katagiri
2009a “Introduction: Towards an Emancipatory Pragmatics.” Journal of Pragmatics 41 (1): 1–9.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2009b  Towards an Emancipatory Pragmatics, special issue, Journal of Pragmatics 41 (1): 1–156.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hodge, Freda K.
1990 “Cross-Cultural Study of Request Realisation Patterns across Two Groups of Native Speakers of English.” South African Journal of Linguistics 8: 121–8.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
House, Juliane, and Gabriele Kasper
1981 “Politeness Markers in English and German.” In Conversational Routine, ed. by Florian Coulmas, The Hague: Mouton, 157–185.Google Scholar
Huang, Yan
2007 Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Huber, Magnus
1999 Ghanaian Pidgin English in its West African Context: A Sociohistorical and Structural Analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ide, Sachiko
1989 “Formal Forms and Discernment: Two Neglected Aspects of Universals of Linguistic Politeness.” Multilingua 8 (2–3): 223–238.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1992 “On the Notion of Wakimae: Toward an Integrated Framework of Linguistic Politeness.” In Mosaic of Language: Essays in Honour of Professor Natsuko Okuda, 298–305. Mejiro Linguistic Society (MLS).Google Scholar
Irvine, Judith T.
1989 “Strategies of Status Manipulation in the Wolof Greeting.” In Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking, ed. by Richard Bauman, and Joel Scherzer, 167–191. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jacobs, Andreas and Andreas H. Jucker
1995 “The Historical Perspective in Pragmatics.” In Andreas H. Jucker (ed.), pp. 1–33.Google Scholar
Janney, Richard W.
2006 “Postcolonial Pragmatics.” Plenary paper presented at the International Conference on Pragmatics, Pune, India, 15–17 December 2006.
2009a “Toward a Postcolonial Pragmatics.” In Language in Life, and a Life in Language: Jacob Mey – A Festschrift, ed. by Bruce Fraser, and Ken Turner, 203–212. Bingley: Emerald.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2009b “Pragmatics in Postcolonial Contexts: For Paul Mbangwana.” Annals of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Special edition in honour of Professor Paul N. Mbangwana. Yaoundé, Cameroon: University of Yaoundé, 101–108.Google Scholar
Jautz, Sabine
2008 “Gratitude in British and New Zealand Radio Programmes: Nothing but Gushing.” In Klaus P. Schneider and Anne Barron (eds.), pp. 141–178.Google Scholar
Jucker, Andreas and Irma Taavitsainen
(eds.) 2010 The Handbook of Historical Pragmatics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jucker, Andreas H.
(ed.) 1995 Historical Pragmatics: Pragmatic Developments in the History of English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006 “Historical Pragmatics.” In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2n edn., ed. by Keith Brown, 329–332. Oxford: Elsevier.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2008 “Historical Pragmatics.” Language and Linguistics Compass 2 (5): 894–906.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kachru, Braj B.
1991 “Liberation linguistics and the Quirk concern.” English Today 7 (1): 3–13.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kachru, Braj B., Yamuna Kachru, and Cecil L. Nelson
(eds.) 2009 The Handbook of World Englishes. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Kachru, Yamuna
1991a “Introduction: Symposium on Speech Acts in World Englishes.” World Englishes 10 (3): 295–298.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1991b “Speech Acts in World Englishes: Toward a Framework for Research.” World Englishes 10 (3): 299–306.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M.
1999 “Ubuntu in South Africa: A Sociolinguistic Perspective to a Pan-African Concept.” Critical Arts 13 (2): 24–41.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kasanga, Luanga A.
2003 “ ‘I am Asking for a Pen’: Framing of Requests in Black South African English.” In Meaning through Language Contrast. Vol. 2., ed. by Kasia M. Jaszczolt, and Ken Turner, 213–235. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006 “Requests in a South African Variety of English.” World Englishes 25 (1): 65–89.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kasanga, Luanga A., and Joy Christine Lwanga-Lumu
2007 “Cross-Cultural Linguistic Realisation of Politeness: A Study of Apologies in English and Setswana.” Journal of Politeness Research 3 (1): 65–92.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kasanga, Luanga
2011 “Face, Politeness and Speech Acts: Reflecting on the Inter-Cultural Interaction in African Languages and Varieties of English.” In Gabriele Sommer and Clarissa Vierke (eds.), pp. 41–65.Google Scholar
Kasper, Gabriele and Shoshana Blum-Kulka
(eds.) 1993 Interlanguage Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Katz, Jerrold J.
1977 Propositional Structure and Illocutionary Force. New York: Crowell.Google Scholar
Kecskes, Istvan
2004 “Editorial: Lexical Merging, Conceptual Blending, and Cultural Crossing.” Intercultural Pragmatics 1 (1): 1–26.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kerbrat-Orecchioni, Catherine
1992 Les Interactions Verbales : Variations Culturelles et Échanges Rituels. Vol 2. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Kießling, Roland, Britta Neumann, and Doreen Schröter
2011 “ ‘O Owner of the Compound, those Things You are Saying – it is Talk of Vagueness!’: Requesting, Complaining and Apologising in Two Languages of the Cameroonian Grassfields.” In Gabriele Sommer, and Clarissa Vierke (eds.), pp. 83–144.Google Scholar
Klaeger, Sabine
2010 Diskursmarker: Eine Untersuchung zum gesprochenen Französisch in Burkina Faso. Habilitationsschrift, University of Bayreuth.Google Scholar
Konings, Piet, and Francis B. Nyamnjoh
2003 Negotiating an Anglophone Identity: A Study of the Politics of Recognition and Representation in Cameroon. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie, Edgar W. Schneider, and Clive Upton
(eds.) 2004 A Handbook of Varieties of English. Vol. 1. Phonology. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kouega, Jean Paul
1998 “Loans from Some Indigenous Languages in Cameroon.” Alizés 16. http://​laboratoires​.univ​-reunion​.fr​/oracle​/documents​/266​.html (Accessed 12 June 2008).
Lawal, Adebayo, Bade Ajayi, and Wumi Raji
1997 “A Pragmatic Study of Selected Pairs of Yoruba Proverbs.” Journal of Pragmatics 27 (5): 635–652.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Leech, Geoffrey
1983 Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.Google Scholar
LePage, Robert B., and Andrée Tabouret-Keller
1985 Acts of Identity: Creole-Based Approaches to Language and Ethnicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Levinson, Stephen C.
1983 Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig
(eds.) 2014 Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 7th edn. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://​www​.ethnologue​.com. (Accessed 05 September 2014).
Lienhardt, Godfrey
1985 “Self: Public, Private: Some African Representations. In The Category of the Person, ed. by Michael Carrithers, Steven Collins, and Steven Lukes, 141–155. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Low, Ee L., and Anne Pakir
2018 World Englishes: Rethinking Paradigms. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lwanga-Lumu, Joy Christine
1999 “Politeness and Indirectness Revisited.” South African Journal of African Languages 19 (2): 83–92.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2000 Requests and Apologies in Luganda and English. Unpublished D.Litt and Phil thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.Google Scholar
2005 “A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Apology Realisation Patterns in Luganda and English.” Sabinet 39 (2): 227–242.Google Scholar
Mao, Lu Ming
1994 “Beyond Politeness Theory: ‘Face’ Revisited and Renewed.” Journal of Pragmatics 21: 451–486.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mashiri, Pedzisai
2009 “Saying ‘No’ without Saying ‘No’: Indirectness and Politeness in Shona Refusals.” Journal of Language and Communication 3: 121–146.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, Yushiko
1988 “Reexamination of the Universality of Face: Politeness Phenomena in Japanese.” Journal of Pragmatics 12: 403–426.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mba, Gabriel
2008 “Politeness Strategies in the Ghómala Culture and Language.” In Bernard Mulo Farenkia (ed.), pp. 151–160.Google Scholar
Mboudjeke, Jean-Guy
2010 “Linguistic Politeness in Job Applications in Cameroon.” Journal of Pragmatics 42 (9): 2519–2530.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meierkord, Christiane, Bebwa Isingoma, and Saudah Namyalo
(eds.) 2016 Ugandan English: Its Sociolinguistics, Structure and Uses in a Globalising Post-Protectorate. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mey, Jacob L.
2001 Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
2004 “Between Culture and Pragmatics: Scylla and Charybdis? The Precarious Condition of Intercultural Pragmatics.” Intercultural Pragmatics 1 (1): 27–48.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mforteh, Stephen A.
2007 “In Search of New Identities in Multilingual Cameroon.” In Eric A. Anchimbe (ed.), pp. 87–101.Google Scholar
Morris, Charles W.
1938 Foundations of the Theory of Signs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S.
2001 The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mühleisen, Susanne, and Bettina Migge
(eds.) 2005 Politeness and Face in Caribbean Creoles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mühleisen, Susanne
2005 “Forms of Address in English-Lexicon Creoles: The Presentation of Selves and Others in the Caribbean Context.” In Susanne Mühleisen and Bettina Migge (eds.), pp. 195–223.Google Scholar
2011a “Pragmatics in Multilingual Language Situations.” In Pragmatics of Society [Handbooks of Pragmatics 5], ed. by Gisle Andersen, and Karin Aijmer, 115–134. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011b “Forms of Address and Ambiguity in Caribbean English-Lexicon Creoles: Strategic Interactions in a Postcolonial Language Setting.” Journal of Pragmatics 43 (6): 1460–1471.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mulo Farenkia, Bernard
(ed.) 2008a Linguistic Politeness in Cameroon. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
2008b “De docteur à docta: Créativité Lexicale et Adresse Nominale en Français Camerounais.” Linguistica Atlantica 29: 25–49.Google Scholar
2009 “Des réactions au compliment en français camerounais: Esquisse d’une typologie. ” LACUS Forum 35: 205–217.Google Scholar
2010 “Pragmatique de la Néologie Appellative en Situation Plurilingue : Le Cas Camerounais.” Journal of Pragmatics 42 (2): 477–500.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011a “Formes de « mise à distance » de l’altérité ethnique au Cameroun.” Journal of Pragmatics 43 (6): 1484–1497.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011b “Speech Acts and Regional Variations in French: The Case of Compliments on Skills in Cameroon and Canadian French.” Speech and Context 3 (2): 182–200.Google Scholar
2012a “Responding to Compliments in Cameroon French and Canadian French.” US-China Foreign Language 10 (5): 1135–1153.Google Scholar
2012b “Expressing Admiration in Québec French and Cameroon French: A Study in Variational Pragmatics.” PhiN: Philologie im Netz 60: 48–66. http://​web​.fu​-berlin​.de​/phin​/phin60​/p60t3​.htm. (Accessed 10 March 2013).
2014a Speech Acts and Politeness in French as a Pluricentric Language. Berlin: LIT Verlag.Google Scholar
2014b “Ethnicité, Politesse et Représentations au Cameroun.” In Eric A. Anchimbe (ed.), pp. 167–188.Google Scholar
Mustapha, Abolaji Samuel
2011 “Compliment Response Patterns among Speakers of Nigerian English.” Journal of Pragmatics 43 (5): 1335–1348.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ndam Njoya, A.
1976 Le Cameroun dans les Relations Internationales. Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence.Google Scholar
Nelson, Cecil L.
1991 “New Englishes, New Discourses: New Speech Acts.” World Englishes 10 (3): 317–323.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nguewo, Baudelaire D. D. D.
2016 “De la Complexité du Remerciement en Milieu Bamiléké (Ouest-Cameroun).” In Bernard Mulo Farenkia (ed.) 2016a pp. 295–310.Google Scholar
Nkwain, Joseph
2011 “Complimenting and Face: A Pragma-Stylistic Analysis of Appraisal Speech Acts in Cameroon Pidgin English.” Acta Linguistica Hafniensia: International Journal of Linguistics 43 (1): 60–79.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2014 “Address Strategies in Cameroon Pidgin English: A Socio-Pragmatic Perspective. In Eric A. Anchimbe (ed.), pp. 189–205.Google Scholar
Ntsimane, Radikobo
2007 “The Ukuhlonipha Code of Respect: Gender and Cultural Tensions around the Zulu Nurses. The Case of the Emmaus Mission Hospital.” Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae XXXIII (2): 115–133.Google Scholar
Nwoye, Onuigbo G.
1992 “Linguistic Politeness and Socio-Cultural Variations of the Notion of Face.” Journal of Pragmatics 18: 309–328.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1993 “An Ethnographic Analysis of Igbo Greetings.” African Languages and Cultures 6 (1): 37–48 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Obeng, Samuel Gyasi
1994 “Verbal Indirection in Akan Informal Discourse.” Journal of Pragmatics 21: 37–65.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1999a “Requests in Akan Discourse.” Anthropological Linguistics 41 (2): 230–251.Google Scholar
1999b “Apologies in Akan Discourse.” Journal of Pragmatics 31 (5): 709–734.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Odebunmi, Akin
2008 “Pragmatic Functions of Crisis-Motivated Proverbs in Ola Rotimi’s The Gods Are Not to Blame .” Linguistik Online 33 (1): 73–84. www​.linguistik​-online​.de​/33​_08​/odebunmi​.pdf. (Accessed 20 January 2010).
Oduol, Jacqueline Adhiambo
2007 “English as Lingua Franca: A Threat to Multilingualism in Gender Discourse. The Case of Dholuo of Kenya.” In Eric A. Anchimbe (ed.), pp. 92–118.Google Scholar
Ouafeu, Talla Sando Y.
2006 “Politeness Strategies in Colloquial Cameroon English: Focus on Three Pragmatic Particles: na, ya and eihn .” Nordic Journal of African Studies 15 (4): 536–544. www​.njas​.helsinki​.fi​/pdf​-files​/vol15num4​/sando​.pdf. (Accessed 5 June 2008).
Porter, Robert
1974 European activity on the Gold Coast, 1620–1667. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of South Africa.Google Scholar
Pütz, Martin, and JoAnne Neff-van Aertselaer
(eds.) 2008 Developing Contrastive Pragmatics: Interlanguage and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Quirk, Randolph
1990 “Language varieties and standard language.” English Today 6 (1): 3–10.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ribbens, Rita
2004 “ ‘Yes Sir, No Baas, Three Bags Full’: Languages and Changing Context.” Alternation 11 (2): 343–364.Google Scholar
Rotimi, Ola
1985 The Gods are not to Blame. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Saah, Kofi K., and Kofi Baku
2011 “ ‘Do not Rob us of Ourselves’: Language and Nationalism in Colonial Ghana.” In Identity Meets Nationality: Voices from the Humanities, ed. by Helen Lauer, Nana A. Appiah Amfo, and Jemima A. Anderson. Legon-Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers.Google Scholar
Sacks, Harvey
1975 “Everyone Has to Lie.” In Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Use, ed. by Mary Sanches, and Ben G. Blount, 57–80. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Said, Edward W.
1979 Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Schneider, Edgar W.
2007 Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, Edgar. W., Kate Burridge, Bernd Kortmand, Rajend Mesthrie, and Clive Upton
(eds.) 2004 A Handbook of Varieties of English. Vol. 2. Syntax. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Schneider, Klaus P.
1980 “Ratschlag, Vorschlag, Angebot: Klassifizierung und Spezifizierung.” Unpublished paper, English Department, University of Marburg.Google Scholar
2000 “Diminutives in Discourse: Sequential Aspects of Diminutive Use in Spoken Interaction.” In Dialogue Analysis VII: Working with Dialogue, ed. by Malcolm Coulthard, Janet Cotterill, and Frances Rock, 293–300. Tübingen: Niemeyer.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2003 Diminutives in English. Tübingen: Niemeyer.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2005 “ ‘No Problem, You’re Welcome, Anytime’: Responding to Thanks in Ireland, England, and the USA.” In Anne Barron and Klaus P. Schneider (eds.), pp. 101–139.Google Scholar
2010 “Variational Pragmatics.” In Variation and Change: Pragmatic Perspectives, ed. by Mirjam Fried, Jan-Ola Östmann, and Jef Verschueren, 239–267. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, Klaus P., and Anne Barron
(eds.) 2008a Variational Pragmatics: A Focus on Regional Varieties in Pluricentric Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2008b “Where Pragmatics and Dialectology Meet: Introducing Variational Pragmatics.” In: Klaus P. Schneider, and Anne Barron (eds.), pp. 1–32.Google Scholar
Schölmberger, Ursula
2008 “Apologising in French French and Canadian French.” In Klaus P. Schneider, and Anne Barron (eds.), pp. 333–354.Google Scholar
Schottman, Wendy
1995 “The Daily Ritual of Greeting among the Baatombu of Benin.” Anthropological Linguistics 37 (4): 487–523.Google Scholar
Schröder, Anne
2003 Status, Functions, and Prospects of Pidgin English: An Empirical Approach to Language Dynamics in Cameroon. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.Google Scholar
Searle, John R.
1976 “A Classification of Illocutionary Speech Acts.” Language in Society 5: 1–23.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1969 Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sekyi-Baidoo, Yaw, and Louisa A. Koranteng
2008 “English General Greetings in the Ghanaian Sociolinguistic Context.” The International Journal of Language, Society and Culture 26: 113–126.Google Scholar
Selinker, Larry
1972 “Interlanguage.” International Review of Applied Linguistics 10: 209–241.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sey, Kofi A.
1973 Ghanaian English. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Sifianou, Maria
1992 Politeness Phenomena in England and Greece: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
1999 Politeness Phenomena in England and Greece: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Simo Bobda, Augustin
1994 Aspects of Cameroon English Phonology. Bern: Peter LangGoogle Scholar
Sommer, Gabriele, and Clarissa Vierke
(eds.) 2011 Speech Acts and Speech Events in African Languages. Köln: Köppe Verlag.Google Scholar
Spencer, John
(ed.) 1971 The English Language in West Africa. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty
1988 Can the Subaltern Speak?. Basingstoke: MacmillanGoogle Scholar
Stumpf, Rudolf
1979 La Politique Linguistique au Cameroun de 1884–1960. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Tabi-Manga, Jean
2000 Les Politiques Linguistique de Cameroun. Paris: Karthala.Google Scholar
Tabouret-Keller, Andrée
1998 “Language and Identity.” In Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Florian Coulmas, 315–326. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tannen, Deborah
1981 “Indirectness and Discourse: Ethnicity as Conversational Style.” Discourse Processes 4: 221–238.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tanyi, R.
1978 Bilingualism and the Young Cameroonian School Child. Unpublished DES Dissertation in English Studies. University of Yaounde.Google Scholar
Tinkham, Thomas
1993 “Sociocultural Variation in Indian English Speech Acts.” World Englishes 12 (2): 239–247.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Todd, Loreto
1982 Cameroon: Varieties of English around the World T1. Heidelberg: Julius Groos.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Trosborg, Anna
1995 Interlanguage Pragmatics: Requests, Complaints, and Apologies. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ugorji, C. U. C.
2009 “Reflections on Address Politeness in Igbo Family.” The International Journal of Language Society and Culture 27: 54–62.Google Scholar
Vernon-Jackson, Hugh O. H.
1967 Language, Schools, and Government in Cameroon. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Walters, Joel
1981 “Variation in the Requesting Behaviour of Bilingual Children.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 27: 35–58.Google Scholar
Wardhaugh, Ronald
1987 Languages in Competition. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
White, Peter
2015 “Religion, Mission and National Development: A Contextual Interpretation of Jeremiah 29: 4–7 in the Light of the Activities of the Basel Mission Society in Ghana (1828–1918) and its Missiological Implications.” Verbum et Ecclesia 36 (1): 1–6. Art. #1419, Accessed 10 March 2017. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wierzbicka, Ana
1991 Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, Anna
1996 Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2003 Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. 2nd edn. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, Hans-Georg
2001 English in Cameroon. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wong, Jock
2006 “Contextualising Aunty in Singaporean English.” World Englishes 25 (3/4): 451–466.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wunderlich, Dieter
1977 “Assertions, Conditional Speech Acts and Practical Inferences.” Journal of Pragmatics 1: 13–46.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yimam, Baye
1997 “The Pragmatics of Greeting, Felicitation and Condolence Expressions in Four Ethiopian Languages. African Languages and Cultures 10 (2): 103–128.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zungu, Phyllis
1997 “Some Aspects of Hlonipha in Zulu Society.” Language Matters 28 (1): 171–181.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cited by

Cited by other publications

Anchimbe, Eric A.
2020.  In Talking about Food [IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society, 47], ► pp. 257 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 01 december 2020. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Subjects

Linguistics

Bilingualism
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
Discourse studies
English linguistics
Pragmatics
BIC Subject: CFG – Semantics, Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis
BISAC Subject: LAN009030 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Pragmatics
U.S. Library of Congress Control Number:  2018034766 | Marc record