A Dynamic Approach to Second Language Development

Methods and techniques

Editors

Marjolijn H. Verspoor | University of Groningen

Kees de Bot | University of Groningen

Wander Lowie | University of Groningen

Hardbound – Available

ISBN 9789027219985 | EUR 95.00 | USD 143.00

Paperback – Available

ISBN 9789027219992 | EUR 33.00 | USD 49.95

e-Book –

ISBN 9789027287359 | EUR 95.00/33.00*
| USD 143.00/49.95*

Dynamic systems theory, a general theory of change and development, offers a new way to study first and second language development and requires a new set of tools for analysis of empirical data. After a brief introduction to the theory, this book, co-authored by several leading scholars in the field, concentrates on tools and techniques recently developed to analyze language data from a dynamic perspective. The chapters deal with the general thoughts and reasoning behind coding data, analyzing variability, discovering interacting variables and modeling. The accompanying How to sections give step-by-step instructions to using macros to speed up the coding, creating a dedicated lexical profile, making min-max graphs, testing for significance in single case studies by running simulations, and modeling. Example files and data sets are available on the accompanying website (http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.29.website). Although the focus is on second language development, the tools are applicable to a wide range of phenomena in applied linguistics.

[Language Learning & Language Teaching, 29] 2011. ix, 211 pp.

Publishing status: Available

https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.29

Table of Contents

List of How to sections | pp. vii–viii

Acknowledgements | pp. ix–x

Introduction

Kees de Bot, Wander Lowie and Marjolijn H. Verspoor | pp. 1–4

Researching Second Language Development from a Dynamic Systems Theory perspective

Kees de Bot and Diane Larsen-Freeman | pp. 5–24

Dynamic Systems Theory and a usage-based approach to Second Language Development

Marjolijn H. Verspoor and Heike Behrens | pp. 25–38

Coding and extracting data

Monika S. Schmid, Marjolijn H. Verspoor and Brian MacWhinney | pp. 39–54

Variability and DST

Marijn van Dijk, Marjolijn H. Verspoor and Wander Lowie | pp. 55–84

Visualizing interactions between variables

Marjolijn H. Verspoor and Marijn van Dijk | pp. 85–98

Modeling development and change

Wander Lowie, Tal Caspi, Paul van Geert and Henderien Steenbeek | pp. 99–122

Epilogue

Kees de Bot | pp. 123–128

How to sections

Marjolijn H. Verspoor, Wander Lowie, Paul van Geert, Marijn van Dijk and Monika S. Schmid | pp. 129–200

Index | pp. 209–212

Website

“One of the greatest strengths of this book is that it will be relevant to both novice and experienced researchers. The novice will find advice, examples, and encouragement. More experienced researchers will find a convenient reference to much of the field-breaking work being done within the DST perspective as well as tips for extending their methodology. Another strength is that the book's ability to reduce extremely challenging and technical methodology to manageable bits will inspire readers to engage in such methodology themselves. The main genius of this book is its ability to translate very complex ideas and methodology into layman's terms. Those who dislike mathematical processing will be enabled to integrate these new methodologies into their work.”

Julie Bruch, University of Kansas, on Linguist List 22.4013, 2011

Cited by

Cited by 106 other publications

Abrams, Zsuzsanna & Susanne Rott

2017. Variability and variation of L2 grammar: A cross-sectional analysis of German learners’ performance on two tasks. Language Teaching Research 21:2 ► pp. 144 ff.

Alonso-Aparicio, Irene

2018. Chapter 7. The impact of prior knowledge on second language grammar practice. In Usage-inspired L2 Instruction [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 49], ► pp. 143 ff.

Alves, Ubiratã Kickhöfel & Felipe Guedes Moreira Vieira

2022. O treinamento perceptual no desenvolvimento dos padrões de Voice Onset Time do inglês (L2) por um aprendiz argentino. BELT - Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal 13:1 ► pp. e42967 ff.

Arndt, Henriette L.

2023. Construction and validation of a questionnaire to study engagement in informal second language learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition ► pp. 1 ff.

Baba, Kyoko & Ryo Nitta

2014. Phase Transitions in Development of Writing Fluency From a Complex Dynamic Systems Perspective. Language Learning 64:1 ► pp. 1 ff.

Babatsouli, Elena

2016. Chaos in Monolingual and Bilingual Speech. In Handbook of Applications of Chaos Theory, ► pp. 879 ff.

Banaruee, Hassan, Omid Khatin-Zadeh & Danyal Farsani

2023. The challenge of psychological processes in language acquisition: A systematic review. Cogent Arts & Humanities 10:1

Baten, Kristof & Gisela Håkansson

2015. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN GERMAN AND SWEDISH AS L2S. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 37:3 ► pp. 517 ff.

Baten, Kristof & Saartje Verbeke

2020. L’acquisition de systèmes casuels en L2 : des études à travers plusieurs théories et langues. Language, Interaction and Acquisition 11:1 ► pp. 19 ff.

2020. A cross-theoretical and cross-linguistic perspective on the L2 acquisition of case systems. Language, Interaction and Acquisition 11:1 ► pp. 7 ff.

Bell, Nancy

2012. Formulaic Language, Creativity, and Language Play in a Second Language. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 32 ► pp. 189 ff.

Bier, Ada

2018. Conclusioni. In La motivazione nell’insegnamento in CLIL [SAIL, 13],

Bulté, Bram & Alex Housen

2018. Syntactic complexity in L2 writing: Individual pathways and emerging group trends. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 28:1 ► pp. 147 ff.

2020. Chapter 9. A critical appraisal of the CDST approach to investigating linguistic complexity in L2 writing development. In Complex Dynamic Systems Theory and L2 Writing Development [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 54], ► pp. 207 ff.

Chan, HuiPing, Marjolijn Verspoor & Louisa Vahtrick

2015. Dynamic Development in Speaking Versus Writing in Identical Twins. Language Learning 65:2 ► pp. 298 ff.

Chang, Pengyun & Lawrence Jun Zhang

2021. A CDST Perspective on Variability in Foreign Language Learners’ Listening Development. Frontiers in Psychology 12

Christensen, Justin

2018. The Dynamic Autonomous Artwork. In Sound and the Aesthetics of Play, ► pp. 67 ff.

Coulson, David & Paul Meara

2017. The Development, Validation and Use of a Test of Word Recognition for English Learners. In Revisiting EFL Assessment [Second Language Learning and Teaching, ], ► pp. 171 ff.

de Bot, Kees

2017. Chapter 2. Complexity Theory and Dynamic Systems Theory. In Complexity Theory and Language Development [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 48], ► pp. 51 ff.

Duan, Shiping & Zhiliang Shi

2021. A longitudinal study of formulaic sequence use in second language writing: Complex dynamic systems perspective. Language Teaching Research ► pp. 136216882110029 ff.

Dörnyei, Zoltán

2014. Researching complex dynamic systems: ‘Retrodictive qualitative modelling’ in the language classroom. Language Teaching 47:1 ► pp. 80 ff.

Dörnyei, Zoltán, Christine Muir & Zana Ibrahim

2014. Directed motivational current. In Motivation and Foreign Language Learning [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 40], ► pp. 9 ff.

Eskildsen, Søren W.

2012. L2 Negation Constructions at Work. Language Learning 62:2 ► pp. 335 ff.

Evans, D. Reid & Diane Larsen-Freeman

2020. Bifurcations and the Emergence of L2 Syntactic Structures in a Complex Dynamic System. Frontiers in Psychology 11

Fogal, Gary G.

2020. Chapter 11. Unpacking ‘simplex systems’. In Complex Dynamic Systems Theory and L2 Writing Development [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 54], ► pp. 271 ff.

2023. Book review. Journal of Second Language Writing ► pp. 100977 ff.

Granget, Cyrille, Pascale Hadermann, Malin Ågren, Sonia Gerolimich, Marie-Eve Michot, Camille Noûs, Isabelle Stabarin, F. Neveu, B. Harmegnies, L. Hriba, S. Prévost & A. Steuckardt

2020. L'effet de la saillance phonologique du sujet sur la forme plurielle des verbes alternants en français L2 : amorçage ou redondance ?. SHS Web of Conferences 78 ► pp. 10006 ff.

Hammarberg, Björn

2018. L3, the tertiary language. In Foreign Language Education in Multilingual Classrooms [Hamburg Studies on Linguistic Diversity, 7], ► pp. 127 ff.

Han, ZhaoHong

2022. Issues of narrowness and staticity in ISLA. Instructed Second Language Acquisition

Han, ZhaoHong, Eun Young Kang & Sarah Sok

2022. The complexity epistemology and ontology in second language acquisition: A critical review. Studies in Second Language Acquisition ► pp. 1 ff.

HASKO, VICTORIA

2013. Capturing the Dynamics of Second Language Development via Learner Corpus Research: A Very Long Engagement. The Modern Language Journal 97:S1 ► pp. 1 ff.

HENRY, ALASTAIR

2017. L2 Motivation and Multilingual Identities. The Modern Language Journal 101:3 ► pp. 548 ff.

Henry, Alastair, Cecilia Thorsen & Peter D. MacIntyre

2021. Willingness to communicate in a multilingual context: part one, a time-serial study of developmental dynamics. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development ► pp. 1 ff.

Hepford, Elizabeth

2020. Chapter 7. The elusive phase shift. In Complex Dynamic Systems Theory and L2 Writing Development [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 54], ► pp. 161 ff.

Hiver, Phil & Ali H. Al-Hoorie

2022. Transdisciplinary research methods and complexity theory in applied linguistics: introduction to the special issue. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 60:1 ► pp. 1 ff.

2016. A Dynamic Ensemble for Second Language Research: Putting Complexity Theory Into Practice. The Modern Language Journal 100:4 ► pp. 741 ff.

Hiver, Phil, Ali H. Al-Hoorie & Reid Evans

2022. COMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY IN LANGUAGE LEARNING. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 44:4 ► pp. 913 ff.

Hiver, Phil, Ali H. Al-Hoorie & Diane Larsen-Freeman

2022. Toward a transdisciplinary integration of research purposes and methods for complex dynamic systems theory: beyond the quantitative–qualitative divide. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 60:1 ► pp. 7 ff.

Hou, Junping, Marjolijn Verspoor & Hanneke Loerts

2016. An exploratory study into the dynamics of Chinese L2 writing development. Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 5:1 ► pp. 65 ff.

Isabelli-García, Christina, Jennifer Bown, John L. Plews & Dan P. Dewey

2018. Language learning and study abroad. Language Teaching 51:4 ► pp. 439 ff.

Jensen, Julia & Martin Howard

2014. The effects of time in the development of complexity and accuracy during study abroad. EUROSLA Yearbook 14 ► pp. 31 ff.

Kizu, Mika, Eiko Gyogi & Patrick Dougherty

2022. Epistemic stance in L2 English discourse. Applied Pragmatics 4:1 ► pp. 33 ff.

Koster, Dietha Eugenie Simone

2015. A dynamic, usage-based approach to teaching L2 Dutch. Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 4:2 ► pp. 257 ff.

Kusyk, Meryl

2019. Informal English Learning in France. In The Handbook of Informal Language Learning, ► pp. 333 ff.

Lambert, Craig

2019. Chapter 12. Task-induced second language development. In Researching L2 Task Performance and Pedagogy [Task-Based Language Teaching, 13], ► pp. 279 ff.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane

2011. Review of Kretzschmar (2009): The Linguistics of Speech. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 32:2 ► pp. 237 ff.

2017. Chapter 1. Complexity theory. In Complexity Theory and Language Development [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 48],

2017. Chapter 1. Complexity Theory. In Complexity Theory and Language Development [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 48], ► pp. 11 ff.

2018. Looking ahead: Future directions in, and future research into, second language acquisition. Foreign Language Annals 51:1 ► pp. 55 ff.

2020. Chapter 8. Complexity Theory. In Cross-theoretical Explorations of Interlocutors and their Individual Differences [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 53], ► pp. 190 ff.

2021. A Complex Dynamic Systems Perspective to Researching Language Classroom Dynamics. In Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics [Springer Texts in Education, ], ► pp. 793 ff.

2020. Chaos/Complexity Theory for Second Language Acquisition/Development. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, ► pp. 1 ff.

Lee, Jang Ho & Hansol Lee

2022. Teachers’ Verbal Lexical Explanation for Second Language Vocabulary Learning: A Meta‐Analysis. Language Learning 72:2 ► pp. 576 ff.

Little, David

2017. Three Versions of Learner Autonomy and their Implications for English-Medium Degree Programmes. In Essential Competencies for English-medium University Teaching [Educational Linguistics, 27], ► pp. 145 ff.

Lowie, Wander

2017. Chapter 6. Lost in state space?. In Complexity Theory and Language Development [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 48], ► pp. 123 ff.

MacIntyre, Peter D. & Tammy Gregersen

2022. The idiodynamic method: willingness to communicate and anxiety processes interacting in real time. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 60:1 ► pp. 67 ff.

MacWhinney, Brian

2015. Introduction. In The Handbook of Language Emergence, ► pp. 1 ff.

2017. A Shared Platform for Studying Second Language Acquisition. Language Learning 67:S1 ► pp. 254 ff.

Mardian, Fatemeh & Musa Nushi

2022. The idiodynamic method in individual differences research: a review of applications and contributions. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching ► pp. 1 ff.

McDonough, Kim, Dustin Crowther, Paula Kielstra & Pavel Trofimovich

2015. Exploring the potential relationship between eye gaze and English L2 speakers’ responses to recasts. Second Language Research 31:4 ► pp. 563 ff.

Melo-Pfeifer, Sílvia

2021. Understanding Dominant Language Constellations Through Analysis of Visual Linguistic Autobiographies by Foreign Language Student Teachers in Germany. In Dominant Language Constellations Approach in Education and Language Acquisition [Educational Linguistics, 51], ► pp. 203 ff.

Nicholas, Howard, Manfred Pienemann & Anke Lenzing

2022. Teacher decision-making, dynamical systems and processability theory. Instructed Second Language Acquisition 6:2

Opitz, Conny

2013. A dynamic perspective on late bilinguals’ linguistic development in an L2 environment. International Journal of Bilingualism 17:6 ► pp. 701 ff.

Ortega, Lourdes

2012. Epistemological diversity and moral ends of research in instructed SLA. Language Teaching Research 16:2 ► pp. 206 ff.

2013. SLA for the 21st Century: Disciplinary Progress, Transdisciplinary Relevance, and the Bi/multilingual Turn. Language Learning 63 ► pp. 1 ff.

Pack, Austin, Tamas Kiss, Alex Barrett & Chen Chen

2022. Towards a non‐dichotomous view of motivators and demotivators in language learning. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 32:1 ► pp. 94 ff.

Pallotti, Gabriele

2022. Cratylus’ silence: On the philosophy and methodology of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory in SLA. Second Language Research 38:3 ► pp. 689 ff.

PFENNINGER, SIMONE E.

2020. The Dynamic Multicausality of Age of First Bilingual Language Exposure: Evidence From a Longitudinal Content and Language Integrated Learning Study With Dense Time Serial Measurements. The Modern Language Journal 104:3 ► pp. 662 ff.

Pfenninger, Simone E. & Maria Kliesch

2023. Variability as a functional marker of second language development in older adult learners. Studies in Second Language Acquisition ► pp. 1 ff.

Piccardo, Enrica

2017. Plurilingualism as a Catalyst for Creativity in Superdiverse Societies: A Systemic Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology 8

Piccardo, Enrica, Marina Antony-Newman, Rebecca Schmor, Geoff Lawrence, Angelica Galante, Aline Germain-Rutherford & Andre Scholze

2022. All Things Interconnected: Activating Holistic, Dynamic and Diverse Perspectives in the Enactment of Innovative Language Education. In Activating Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in the Language Classroom [Educational Linguistics, 55], ► pp. 285 ff.

Polat, Brittany & Youjin Kim

2014. Dynamics of Complexity and Accuracy: A Longitudinal Case Study of Advanced Untutored Development. Applied Linguistics 35:2 ► pp. 184 ff.

Polat, Nihat, Laura Mahalingappa & Rae L Mancilla

2020. Longitudinal Growth Trajectories of Written Syntactic Complexity: The Case of Turkish Learners in an Intensive English Program. Applied Linguistics 41:5 ► pp. 688 ff.

Poupore, Glen

2013. Task Motivation in Process: A Complex Systems Perspective. The Canadian Modern Language Review 69:1 ► pp. 91 ff.

Rosmawati

2014. Second Language Developmental Dynamics: How Dynamic Systems Theory Accounts for Issues in Second Language Learning. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 31:1 ► pp. 66 ff.

Sauer, Luzia

2020. Linguistic and motivational changes of a German adolescent student in New Zealand. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 5:2 ► pp. 175 ff.

Schmid, Monika S. & Barbara Köpke

2017. The relevance of first language attrition to theories of bilingual development. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7:6 ► pp. 637 ff.

Schulze, Mathias & Kyle Scholz

2016. CALL theory. In Language-Learner Computer Interactions [Language Studies, Science and Engineering, 2], ► pp. 65 ff.

Serrano, Raquel, Elsa Tragant & Àngels Llanes

2012. A Longitudinal Analysis of the Effects of One Year Abroad. The Canadian Modern Language Review 68:2 ► pp. 138 ff.

Singleton, David & Simone E. Pfenninger

2019. Exploring a poorly understood variable: An agenda for classroom research on the age factor. Language Teaching 52:1 ► pp. 111 ff.

Spoelman, Marianne & Marjolijn Verspoor

2010. Dynamic Patterns in Development of Accuracy and Complexity: A Longitudinal Case Study in the Acquisition of Finnish. Applied Linguistics 31:4 ► pp. 532 ff.

Steffensen, Sune Vork & Claire Kramsch

2017. The Ecology of Second Language Acquisition and Socialization. In Language Socialization, ► pp. 1 ff.

2017. The Ecology of Second Language Acquisition and Socialization. In Language Socialization, ► pp. 17 ff.

Stepanek, Libor & Constanza Guillermina Arriaga

2018. Video Summaries of Academic Texts. In Cases on Audio-Visual Media in Language Education [Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, ], ► pp. 328 ff.

Thompson, Amy S.

2013. The interface of language aptitude and multilingualism: Reconsidering the bilingual/multilingual dichotomy. The Modern Language Journal 97:3 ► pp. 685 ff.

Thoms, Joshua J.

2014. An Ecological View of Whole-Class Discussions in a Second Language Literature Classroom: Teacher Reformulations as Affordances for Learning. The Modern Language Journal 98:3 ► pp. 724 ff.

van der Ploeg, Mara, Wander Lowie & Merel Keijzer

2023. The Effects of Language Teaching Pedagogy on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults. Behavioral Sciences 13:3 ► pp. 199 ff.

Verspoor, Marjolijn, Kees de Bot & Xiaoyan Xu

2015. The effects of English bilingual education in the Netherlands. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 3:1 ► pp. 4 ff.

Verspoor, Marjolijn, Wander Lowie & Martijn Wieling

2020. L2 Developmental Measures from a Dynamic Perspective. In Learner Corpus Research Meets Second Language Acquisition, ► pp. 172 ff.

Vetchinnikova, Svetlana

2019. Phraseology and the Advanced Language Learner,

VYATKINA, NINA

2012. The Development of Second Language Writing Complexity in Groups and Individuals: A Longitudinal Learner Corpus Study. The Modern Language Journal 96:4 ► pp. 576 ff.

2013. Specific Syntactic Complexity: Developmental Profiling of Individuals Based on an Annotated Learner Corpus. The Modern Language Journal 97:S1 ► pp. 11 ff.

Wang, Chuming & Min Wang

2014. Effect of Alignment on L2 Written Production. Applied Linguistics ► pp. amt051 ff.

Waninge, Freerkien, Zoltán Dörnyei & Kees De Bot

2014. Motivational Dynamics in Language Learning: Change, Stability, and Context. The Modern Language Journal 98:3 ► pp. 704 ff.

Yaghoubinejad, Hadi, Nourollah Zarrinabadi & Saeed Ketabi

2017. Fluctuations in Foreign Language Motivation: An Investigation into Iranian Learners’ Motivational Change over Time. Current Psychology 36:4 ► pp. 781 ff.

Yang, Wenxing & Ying Sun

2015. Dynamic Development of Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency in Multilingual Learners’ L1, L2 and L3 Writing. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5:2 ► pp. 298 ff.

Yu, Hanjing & Wander Lowie

2020. Dynamic Paths of Complexity and Accuracy in Second Language Speech: A Longitudinal Case Study of Chinese Learners. Applied Linguistics 41:6 ► pp. 855 ff.

Zhang, Chao

2022. Multidimensional interaction of L2 writing fluency and cohesion: A complexity theory perspective. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 40:4 ► pp. 397 ff.

Zhang, Chao & Gengxin Sun

2021. Strange Attractors in Writing Competence Development from the Perspective of Complexity Theory Based on Sensor Data. Journal of Sensors 2021 ► pp. 1 ff.

ZHANG, JIE & XIAOFEI LU

2013. Variability in Chinese as a Foreign Language Learners' Development of the Chinese Numeral Classifier System. The Modern Language Journal 97:S1 ► pp. 46 ff.

Zhang, Shuang, Huiping Zhang & Cun Zhang

2022. A Dynamic Systems Study on Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency in English Writing Development by Chinese University Students. Frontiers in Psychology 13

Zhang, Yanhui

2022. Modelling the lexical complexity of homogenous texts: a time series approach. Quality & Quantity

[no author supplied]

2016. References. Language Learning 66:S1 ► pp. 313 ff.

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 march 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Subjects

Linguistics

Applied linguistics

Language teaching

Language acquisition

Main BIC Subject

CFDM: Bilingualism & multilingualism

Main BISAC Subject

LAN009000: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General

U.S. Library of Congress Control Number: 2010044921 | Marc record