NOWELE | North-Western European Language Evolution

Volume 75 (2022)

Volume 74 (2021)

Volume 73 (2020)

Volume 72 (2019)

Volume 71 (2018)

Volume 70 (2017)

Volume 69 (2016)

Volume 68 (2015)

Volume 67 (2014)

Volume 66 (2013)

Notes for Contributors

Language

Accepted languages: English and German.

Electronic copy

Always submit two copies of your submission to NOWELE: one in editable format (.docx is preferred) and one in .pdf.

Initial submission

It is not essential that your manuscript follow all the rules of this style sheet on first submission. However, if your paper is accepted for publication, your paper must be changed accordingly.

Title, running header, name and affiliation

If the title (and subtitle) of the article is longer than 55 characters (including spaces), please provide a shortened title to be used as a running header.

The title is followed by the author’s name(s) and affilation(s).

Abstract

Each article should start with an abstract, which should be a single block of text not exceeding 150 words. Make sure that it is:

• Accurate: It should objectively reflect the purpose and content of your paper.
• Concise and specific: Be maximally informative, use the active voice, and include the 4 or 5 most important keywords, findings or implications.

Keywords

Below the abstract, please list up to 10 keywords, identifying the main concepts, eras, languages, etc. that are the focus of your article.

Lay-out

Use 12 pt Times New Roman for the main text.

Do not justify the text on the right side.

Use Unicode fonts for any symbols or special characters.

Anything longer than a squib is best divided into sections (beginning with 1.) and subsections (2.1, 2.1.1 etc.). Level one headings should be in bold; other headings are in plain text: 

            1. Level 1 heading
            1.1 Level 2 heading
            1.1.1 Level 3 heading 

Use footnotes not endnotes, and keep them to a minimum. Superscript numbers in the main text should usually appear at the end of sentences and follow punctuation marks.

Spelling and punctuation

Both British and American spelling conventions are acceptable, but be consistent.

Long en-dash (–) should be used with page, number, and date ranges (e.g. 1400–1425).

Visuals

Tables, figures and other images should be embedded as well as referenced in the text (e.g. see Figure 5); avoid relative indicators such as “see the table below” or “in the table”.

Give all visuals a caption in the following manner (note that there is no period at the end of the caption):

Table 1. Numbers of Romance loans with initial /s-/ and /f-/ in Early Middle Dutch
Figure 1. Runic inscription on the Loveden Hill urn 
Map 1. North Frisian dialects

Notes in tables and figures should not be regular footnotes. Standard note indicators in tables are *, **, †, ‡; these are then inserted directly below the table/figure.

Ensure that the resolution of any images is fit for publication (the eye sees at about 300 dpi; however, because the electronic version allows zoom, at least 600 dpi is recommended for plates).

Examples and glosses

Use italics for cited forms, highlighting and emphasis. Bold should only be used for highlighting within italics and for headings. Avoid FULL CAPS (except for focal stress and acronyms) and underlining (except for highlighting within examples, as an alternative to boldface), unless this is part of a notational convention in your field.

Examples should be numbered with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3 etc.) in parenthesis and indented. Every next level in the example (a, b etc.) gets one indent.

Glosses are given in ‘single’ quotation marks (e.g. OE bāt ‘boat’). The source of interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses should usually be given and should follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules: https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php

Abbreviations

For standard grammatical abbreviations, refer to the Leipzig Glossing Rules. When abbreviating languages, the follow three methods usually apply: 

OE or MHG  = Old English, Middle High German (first letters are capitalised)
Ice. or Kent.  = Icelandic, Kentish (Icelandic and Kentish are abbreviated mid-word, so a period is added to show this)
PGmc or Skt = Proto-Germanic (Germanic and Sanskrit are abbreviated, but they are singular and end in -c and -t, so a period is not needed)

Quotations

Text quotations of up to three lines should be given within the text in double quotation marks (quotation marks within double quotation marks appear in single quotation marks).

For longer quotations, use an indented block quotation (i.e. have a blank line above and below the quotation, indent left, and do not use quotation marks).

Use square brackets with three dots for omissions ([...])

Spellings may be specified using angled brackets < > (avoid the more obtuse type ⟨ ⟩  because they cannot usually be searched electronically).

References

References (main text)

Use the name+date(+page number) style. Examples: (Nielsen 1985: 58), Laing & Williamson (1994), Stenroos et al. (2012), Braune/Reiffenstein (2004: §100), de Vaan (2014: 10).

When referencing dictionary entries, it is advisable to use the abbreviation s.v. or s.vv. rather than page numbers. Examples: (Kluge/Seebold 2002: s.v. Haus) or MED (s.vv. nimen, taken).

References section

Use the header “References” (or in German articles use “Literatur”).

List references first alphabetically and then chronologically. Include all (and only!) references that are mentioned in the text.

Referencing closely follows the rules outlined in the Unified Style Sheet for Linguistics Journals with only a few modifications. One difference, however, is that initials replace all given names, another is that ampersand is not needed, and surname and given names are listed in the same order to allow search engines to electronically parse the names correctly.

Articles written in German must naturally adopt German terms: ed. > Hrsg., edn > Aufl. etc.

Examples of books/volumes:

Braune, W. 2004. Althochdeutsche Grammatik I: Laut und Formenlehre, 15th edn by I. Reiffenstein. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Laing, M., Williamson, K. (eds.). 1994. Speaking our tongues: Medieval dialectology and related disciplines. Cambridge: Brewer.
Nielsen, H. F. 1985. Old English and the Continental Germanic languages: A survey of morphological and phonological interrelations. 2nd edn. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.
Stenroos, M., Mäkinen, M., Særheim, I. (eds.). 2012. Language contact and development around the North Sea. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 

Examples of articles in journals and volumes:

de Vaan, M. 2014. West Germanic *þþ and *þm in Dutch. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 72. 1–34.
Fox, B. 2007. The P-Celtic place-names of north-east England and south-east Scotland. The Heroic Age 10. http://www.heroicage.org/ (accessed 15 June 2016).
Hoekstra, J. F. 1996. Transitive pronouns and gender syncretism in Fering-Öömrang (North Frisian). NOWELE 27. 45–66.
Versloot, A. 2001. Grundzüge ostfriesiche Sprachgeschichte. In H. H. Munske et al. (eds.), Handbuch des Friesischen/Handbook of Frisian studies, 734–740. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Examples of reviews:

Coates, R. 2010. Review of: Filppula, M., J. Klemola, H. Paulasto. 2008. English and Celtic in contact. Language 86(2). 441–444
Haas, F. 2012. Review of: Pfenninger, S. E. 2009. Grammaticalization paths of English and High German existential constructions: A corpus-based study. Bern: Peter Lang. LinguistList 23.1215. http://linguistlist.org/issues/23/23-1215.html#1 (accessed 15 June 2015).

Examples of online resources (dictionaries, corpora, atlases etc.):

LAEME = A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150–1325. 2007–. Compiled by M. Laing. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh. http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/laeme1/laeme1.html
MED = Middle English Dictionary, 1952–2001. H. Kurath, S. Kuhn & R. E. Lewis (eds.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/med/
OED = Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. www.oed.com

Examples of theses:

Harris, D. P. 1954. The phonemic patterning of the initial and final consonant clusters of English from late Old English to the present. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. (Doctoral dissertation)
Jekiel, M. 2012. The evolution of English dental fricatives: Variation and change. Poznan: Adam Mickiewicz University. (MA thesis)

Appendices

Appendices should follow the References section. Make sure you refer to the appendix/appendices in the main text.

Author’s or Reviewer's Address

Provide a correspondence address and e-mail for the author(s)/reviewer(s) at the very end of your article (i.e. after any references or appendices). The following format may serve as a model.

Name of author/reviewer
Name of department (or institute or faculty)
Name of university
Street address
Place and postcode (or postcode and place)
Country
Email address

Editorial correspondence should be addressed to:

Dr. Stephen Laker
Faculty of Languages and Cultures 
Kyushu University
744 Motooka, Nishi-ku 
FUKUOKA 819-0395 
Japan

e-mail: laker.stephengmail.com

Please consult the journal's Guidelines page for guidelines and contact information.

Ethics

John Benjamins journals are committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and to supporting ethical research practices. Please read this Ethics Statement.

Rights and Permissions

Authors must ensure that they have permission to use any third-party material in their contribution; the permission should include perpetual (not time-limited) world-wide distribution in print and electronic format.

For information on authors' rights, please consult the rights information page.

Open Access

For information about permission to post a version of your article online or in an institutional repository ('green' open access or self-archiving), please consult the rights information page.

This journal offers the possibility for accepted papers to be published Open Access through payment of an Article Publication Charge (APC) of EUR 1800 (excl. tax); more information can be found on the publisher's Open Access Policy page.

Corresponding authors from institutions with which John Benjamins has a Read & Publish arrangement can publish Open Access without paying a fee; information on the institutions and which articles qualify, can be found on this page.

Archiving

John Benjamins Publishing Company has an agreement in place with Portico for the archiving of all its online journals and e-books.

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