Heritage Languages

A language contact approach

| University of Amsterdam
| Tilburg University
| Radboud University Nijmegen
Hardbound – Available
ISBN 9789027204714 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
Paperback – Available
ISBN 9789027204707 | EUR 36.00 | USD 54.00
 
e-Book –
ISBN 9789027261762 | EUR 99.00/36.00*
| USD 149.00/54.00*
 
Heritage languages, such as the Turkish varieties spoken in Berlin or the Spanish used in Los Angeles, are non-dominant languages, often with little prestige. Their speakers also speak the dominant language of the country they live in. Often heritage languages undergo changes due to their special status. They have received a lot of scholarly attention and provide a link between academic concerns and educational issues. This book takes a language contact perspective: we consider heritage languages from the perspective of their history, their structural properties, and their interaction with other surrounding languages.
[Studies in Bilingualism, 58]  2019.  xix, 302 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins
https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.58
Table of Contents
List of tables
xi
List of figures
xiii
List of abbreviations and grammatical glosses
xv
Preface
xviii–xix
Chapter 1. Heritage speakers and heritage languages
2–22
Chapter 2. History of the field of heritage language studies
24–42
Chapter 3. Social aspects of heritage languages
44–65
Chapter 4. Bilingual language use
68–86
Chapter 5. Methods for collecting heritage language data
88–109
Chapter 6. Studying variability in heritage language speaker populations and the base line
112–139
Chapter 7. Heritage language phenomena and what triggers them
142–160
Chapter 8. Grammatical models and research paradigms
162–181
Chapter 9. Language processing in multilingual speakers
184–201
Chapter 10. Heritage languages in a post-colonial setting: Focus on Papiamentu
204–223
Chapter 11. The political dimension of heritage languages: Endangered languages, language rights, and the preservation of diversity
226–245
Chapter 12. Technical terms used in this book related to heritage languages
248–262
References
263–295
Language index
297–298
Subject index
299–302
“Aalberse, Backus & Muysken provide a very informative, well researched dive into the field of heritage language through the lens of language contact. The concrete examples of understudied languages taken from recorded language corpora as well as the global perspective of the research makes this an especially distinctive work. This book will make a great addition to anyone interested in heritage languages and their speakers and language contact phenomena.”
References

References

Aalberse, S., & Moro, F.
(2014) Stability in Chinese and Malay heritage languages as a source of divergence. In K. Braunmüller, S. Höder, & K. Kühl (Eds.), Stability and divergence in language contact: Factors and mechanisms (pp. 141–162). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Aalberse, S., Zhou, Y., & Andringa, S. J.
(2017) Extended use of demonstrative pronouns in two generations of Mandarin Chinese speakers in the Netherlands: Evidence of convergence? In E. Blom, L. Cornips, & J. Schaeffer (Eds.), Cross-linguistic influence in bilingualism: In honor of Aafke Hulk (pp. 25–48). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Aalberse, S., & Hulk, A.
(2018) Introduction to the special issue – Heritage language studies and early child bilingualism research: Understanding the connection. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(5), 491–496. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Aalberse, S., Andringa, S., Faber, M., & Lippe, P.
Forthcoming). Definiteness in Wenzhounese Chinese in the Netherlands and in China: Evidence for generational change in two locations. In B. Brehmer, J. Treffers-Daller, & D. Berndt Eds. Lost in transmission: The role of attrition and input in heritage language development Amsterdam John Benjamins
Abraham, W.
(2011) Spoken syntax in Cimbrian of the linguistic islands in Northern Italy – and what they (do not) betray about language universals and change under areal contact with Italo-Romance. In M. Putnam (Ed.), Studies on German-language islands (pp. 233–278). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Abrahamsson, N., & Hylstenstam, K.
(2009) Age of onset and nativelikeness in a second language: Listener perception versus linguistic scrutiny. Language Learning, 59, 249–306. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Adelaar, K. A., & Prentice, D. J.
(1996) Malay: Its history, role and spread. Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas, 2, 1. Berlin: De Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Adelman, J. S., Brown, G. D. A., & Quesada, J. F.
(2006) Contextual diversity, not word frequency, determines word-naming and lexical decision times. Psychological Science, 17, 814–823. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Adjemian, C.
(1983) The transferability of lexical properties. In S. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp. 250–268). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Aghinotri, R. K.
(1987) Crisis of identity. The Sikhs in England. New Delhi: Bahri Publications, and Edmonton, CN: Linguistic Research.Google Scholar
Ahn, S., Chang, C. B., DeKeyser, R., & Lee-Ellis, S.
(2017) Age effects in first language attrition: Speech perception by Korean-English bilinguals. Language Learning, 67, 694–733. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Aikhenvald, A. Y.
(2002) Language contact in Amazonia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Albirini, A., Benmamoun, E., & Chakrani, B.
(2013) Gender and number agreement in the oral production of Arabic heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(1), 1–18. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Allen, B., & Salmons, J. C.
(2015) Heritage language obstruent phonetics and phonology. American Norwegian and Norwegian-American English. In J. Bondi Johannessen & J. C. Salmons (Eds.), Germanic heritage languages in North America. Acquisition, attrition and change (pp. 97–116). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Alvanoudi, A.
(2018) Language contact, borrowing and code switching: A case study of Australian Greek. Journal of Greek Linguistics, 18, 3–44. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ambridge, B., Kidd, E., Rowland, C. F., & Theakston, A. L.
(2015) The ubiquity of frequency effects in first language acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 42, 239–273. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, R. W.
(1974) Nativization and hispanization in the Papiamentu of Curacao: A sociolinguistic study of variation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
(1989) La adquisición de la morfología verbal. Lingüística, 1, 90–142.Google Scholar
(1991) Development sequences: The emergence of aspect marking in second language acquisition. In T. Huebner & C. Ferguson, (Eds.), Crosscurrents in second language acquisition and linguistic theory (pp. 305–323). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Androutsopoulos, J.
(2013) Code-switching in computer-mediated communication. In S. C. Herring, D. Stein, & T. Virtanen (Eds.), Pragmatics of computer-mediated communication (pp. 667–694). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Anttila, A.
(1997) Deriving variation from grammar. In F. Hinskens, R. van Hout, & L. Wetzels (Eds.), Variation, change and phonological theory (pp. 35–68). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Appel, R., & Muysken, P.
(1987) Language contact and bilingualism. London: Edward Arnold. [2005 University of Amsterdam Press].Google Scholar
Au, T. K. F., Knightly, L. M., Jun, S. A., & Oh, J. S.
(2002) Overhearing a language during childhood. Psychological Science, 13(3), 238–243. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Auer, P.
(1999) From code-switching via language mixing to fused lects: Toward a dynamic typology of bilingual speech. International Journal of Bilingualism, 3(4), 309–332. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ayduk, O., Mendoza-Denton, R., Mischel, W., Downey, G., Peake, P. K., & Rodriguez, M.
(2000) Regulating the interpersonal self: Strategic self-regulation for coping with rejection sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 776–792. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Backus, A. M., & Türker-Van der Heiden, E.
(2009) Synchronic use of Turkish yapmak and the diachronic changes it leads to. Paper presented at 12th International Conference on Minority Languages, Tartu, Estonia, 28–30 May.
Backus, A. M., & Dorleijn, M.
(2008) Loan translations versus code-switching. In B. E. Bullock, & A. J. Toribio (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of linguistic code-switching (pp. 75–93). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Backus, A. M.
(1992) Patterns of language mixing. A study in Turkish-Dutch bilingualism. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
(1996) Two in one. Bilingual speech of Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.Google Scholar
(1998) Turks-Nederlandse codewisseling. Universele en taalspecifieke aspecten van taalcontact. Nederlandse Taalkunde, 3, 2–17.Google Scholar
(2005) Codeswitching and language change: One thing leads to another? International Journal of Bilingualism, 9(3/4), 307–340. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2013) Turkish as an immigrant language in Europe. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritchie (Eds.), The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism (2nd ed., pp. 770–790). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Backus, A. M., Doğruöz, A. S., & Heine, B.
(2011) Salient stages in contact-induces grammatical change: Evidence from synchronic vs. diachronic contact situations. Language Sciences, 33, 738–752. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bard, E. Gurman, Robertson, D., & Sorace, A.
(1996) Magnitude estimation of linguistic acceptability. Language, 72(1), 32–68. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Barz, R. K., & Siegel, J.
(1988) Language transplanted: The development of overseas Hindi. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Bayram, F., Rothman, J., Iverson, M., Miller, D., Puig Mayenco, E., Kupisch, T., & Westergaard, M.
(2017) Differences in use without deficiencies in competence: Passives in the Turkish and German of Turkish heritage speakers in Germany. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 1–21. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bayram, F., Kupisch, T., Pascual y Cabo, D. & Rothman, J.
In press). Terminology matters on theoretical grounds too!: Coherent grammars cannot be incomplete. Studies in Second Language Acquisition.
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M.
(2013a) Heritage languages and their speakers: Opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3–4), 129–181.Google Scholar
(2013b) Defining an “ideal” heritage speaker: Theoretical and methodological challenges Reply to peer commentaries. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3–4), 259–294.Google Scholar
Benson, M.
(1960) American-Russian speech. American Speech, 35, 163–74. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bentahila, A., & Davies, E. E.
(1995) Patterns of code-switching and patterns of language contact. Lingua, 96(2), 75–93. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bernolet, S., Hartsuiker, R. J., & Pickering, M. J.
(2012) Effects of phonological feedback on the selection of syntax: Evidence from between-language syntactic priming. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15, 503–516. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bhatia, T. K., & Ritchie, W. C.
(Eds.) (2008) The handbook of bilingualism. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bhatt, R., & Bolonyai, A.
(2011) Code-switching and the optimal grammar of bilingual language use. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14(4), 1–25. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bialystok, E.
(2009) Bilingualism: The good, the bad, and the indifferent. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12(1), 3–11. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Birdsong, D., Gertken, L., & Amengual, M.
(Eds.) (2012) Bilingual language profile: An easy-to-use instrument to assess bilingualism. Austin, TX: COERLL, University of Texas at Austin. https://​sites​.la​.utexas​.edu​/bilingual/
Birdsong, D., & Molis, M.
(2001) On the evidence for maturational constraints in second language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language, 44, 235–249. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Birmingham, J. C.
(1970) The Papiamentu language of Curaçao (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Virginia, Charlottesville.Google Scholar
Blom, J.-P., & Gumperz, J. J.
(1972) Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code switching in Northern Norway. In J. J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics (pp. 407–434). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.Google Scholar
Blom, W. B. T., Polišenská, D., & Weerman, F.
(2007) Effects of age on the acquisition of agreement inflection. Morphology, 16(2), 313–336. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Blutner, R., Hoop, H. de, & Hendriks, P.
(2006) Optimal communication. Stanford, CA: CSLI.Google Scholar
Boas, H. C.
(2009) The life and death of Texas German (Publication of the American Dialect Society). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Bobb, S. C., & Wodniecka, Z.
(2013) Language switching in picture naming: What asymmetric switch costs (do not) tell us about inhibition in bilingual speech planning, Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(5), 568–585. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bock, J. K.
(1995) Producing agreement. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 56–61. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D.
(2002) Praat [Computer program]. http://​www​.fon​.hum​.uva​.nl​/praat/
Boersma, P., & Hayes, B.
(2001) Empirical tests of the Gradual Learning Algorithm. Linguistic Inquiry, 32, 45–86. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bohman, T. M., Bedore, L. M., Peña, E. D., Mendez-Perez, A., & Gillam, R. B.
(2010) What you hear and what you say: Language performance in Spanish–English bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13(3), 325–344. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bondi Johannessen, J.
(2018) Factors of variation, maintenance and change in Scandinavian heritage languages. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(4), 447–465. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bongaerts, T., van Summeren, C., Planken, B., & Schils, E.
(1997) Age and ultimate attainment in the pronunciation of a foreign language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 447–465. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bos, C.
(1977) Prestaties en problemen van Molukse leerlingen in het Mavo-onderwijs. Mens en Maatschappij, 52(3), 324–341.Google Scholar
Bosker, H. R., Quené, H., Sanders, T., & de Jong, N. H.
(2014) The perception of fluency in native and non-native speech. Language Learning, 64, 579–614. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bot, K. de
(1992) A bilingual production model: Levelt’s Speaking model adapted. Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 1–24. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2004) The multilingual lexicon: Modeling selection and control. The International Journal of Multilingualism, 1, 17–32. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bot, K. de, Broersma, M., & Isurin, L.
(2009) Sources of triggering in code switching. In L. Isurin, D. Winford, & K. de Bot (Eds.), Multidisciplinary approaches to code switching (pp. 85–102). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bot, K. de, Lowie, W., & Verspoor, M.
(2005) Second language acquisition: An advanced resource book. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bousquette, J., Putnam, M. T., Salmons, J., Frey, B., & Nützel, D.
(2016) Multiple grammars, dominance, and optimization. In G. Legendre, M. T. Putnam, H. de Swart, & E. Zaroukian (Eds.), Optimality theoretic syntax, semantics and pragmatics: From uni- to bidirectional optimization (pp. 158–176). Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brecht, R. D., & Walton, A. R.
(1994) National strategic planning in the less commonly taught languages [includes Asian languages]. In R. D. Lambert (Ed.), Foreign language policy: An agenda for change (pp. 190–212). Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage.Google Scholar
Brenneker, P.
(1961) Curaçaoensia. Folkloristische aantekeningen over Curaçao. Curaçao: Boekhandel St. Augustinus.Google Scholar
Bresnan, J.
(2000) Optimal syntax. In J. Dekkers, F. van der Leeuw, & J. van de Weijer (Eds.) Optimality theory: Phonology, syntax and acquisition (pp. 334–385). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bridges, K., & Hoff, E.
(2014) Older sibling influences on the language environment and language development of toddlers in bilingual homes. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35(2), 225–241. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brown, C. M., & Hagoort, P.
(1999) The neurocognition of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, J., & Putnam, M.
(2015) Functional convergence and extension in contact: Syntactic and semantic attributes of the progressive aspect in Pennsylvania Dutch. In J. C. Salmons & J. B. Johannessen (eds.), Germanic heritage languages in North America: Acquisition and change (pp. 135–160). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R.
(1973) A First Language: The Early Stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bultena, S.
(2013) Bilingual processing of cognates and language switches in sentence context (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Radboud University, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Bylund, E., Abrahamsson, N., & Hylstenstam, K.
(2010) The role of language aptitude in first language attrition: The case of prepubescent attriters. Applied Linguistics, 31, 443–464. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bylund, E., & Díaz, M.
(2012) The effects of heritage language instruction on first language proficiency. A psycholinguistic perspective. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 5, 593–609. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bylund, E., & Jarvis, S.
(2011) L2 effects on L1 event conceptualization. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14, 47–59. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bylund, E., & Ramírez-Galán, P.
(2014) Language aptitude in first language attrition: A study on late Spanish–Swedish bilinguals. Applied Linguistics, 37(5), 621–638. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bybee, J.
(2010) Language, usage and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Calvet, J. L.
(1974) Linguistique et colonialisme, petit traité de glottophagie. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Canagarajah, A. S.
(2008) Language shift and the family: Questions from the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12, 1–34. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Carlock, E., & Wölck, W.
(1981) A method for isolating diagnostic linguistic variables: The Buffalo ethnolects experiment. In D. Sankoff & H. Cedergren (Eds.), Variation omnibus (pp. 17–24). Edmonton, Alberta: Linguistic Research.Google Scholar
Carreira, M.
(2004) Seeking explanatory adequacy: A dual approach to understanding the term “heritage language learner.”. Heritage Language Journal, 2(1), 1–25.Google Scholar
Carroll, J., Carton, S., & Wilds, C.
(1959) An investigation of “cloze” items in the measurement of achievement in foreign languages. ERIC ED 021 513.Google Scholar
Cavanaugh, J. R.
(2013) Language ideologies and language attitudes. A linguistic anthropological perspective. In P. Auer, J. Caro Reina, & G. Kaufmann (Eds.), Language variation – European perspectives IV: Selected papers from the Sixth International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 6), Freiburg, June 2011 (pp. 45–56). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chao, T. H.
(1996) Chinese heritage community language schools in the United States. In Schools in the United States (pp. 7–13). Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.Google Scholar
Chau, W.
(2011) The influence of Dutch on Cantonese in the Netherlands. Rural versus urban areas (Unpublished MA thesis). Leiden University.Google Scholar
Chen, H.
(2012) Acquisition of Mandarin aspectual marking in child Heritage speakers in the Netherlands (Unpublished MA thesis). Radboud University, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Chen, J., & Shirai, Y.
(2010) The development of aspectual marking in Mandarin Chinese. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31, 1–28. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cheshire, J.
(1999) Taming the vernacular: Some repercussions for the study of syntactic variation and spoken grammar = Estandarizando la lengua vernácula: Algunas repercusiones para el estudio de la variación sintáctica y la gramática del habla. Cuadernos de filología inglesa, 8(1), 59–80.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N.
(1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Christoffels, I. K., Firk, C., & Schiller, N. O.
(2007) Bilingual language control: An event-related brain potential study. Brain Research, 1147, 192–208. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Clahsen, H., Meisel, J., & Pienemann, M.
(1983) Deutsch als Zweitsprache: Der Spracherwerb auslandischer Arbeiter. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Clark, H. H.
(1996) Using language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Clyne, M. G.
(1967) Transference and triggering: Observations on the language assimilation of postwar German-speaking migrants in Australia. Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
(1970) Bilingual speech phenomena (with special reference to German-English bilinguals in Victoria). Kivung, 3(2), 99–111.Google Scholar
(1982) Multilingual Australia. Melbourne: River Seine.Google Scholar
(2000) Lingua Franca and ethnolects in Europe and beyond. Sociolinguistica, 14, 83–89. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2003) Dynamics of language contact. English and immigrant languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(Ed.) (1976) Australia talks: Essays on Australian immigrant and aboriginal languages (Pacific Linguistics Series D, No. 23). Canberra: Australian National University.Google Scholar
Clyne, M. G., & Kipp, S.
(1999) Pluricentric languages in an immigrant context: Spanish, Chinese, Arabic. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cobarrubias, J.
(1983) Ethical issues in status planning. In J. Cobarrubias & J. Fishman (Eds.), Progress in language planning: International perspectives (pp. 41–85). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Cohen Henriquez, P.
(1934) De taal van Curaçao. Natuur en Mensch, 54(4–5), 31–34.Google Scholar
Cohen, R.
(1997) Global diasporas: An introduction. Seattle, WA: Washington University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Costa, A., & Santesteban, M.
(2004) Lexical access in bilingual speech production: Evidence from language switching in highly-proficient bilinguals and L2 learners. Journal of Memory and Language, 50, 491–511. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cremer, M., & Schoonen, R.
(2013) The role of accessibility of semantic word knowledge in monolingual and bilingual fifth-grade reading. Applied Psycholinguistics, 34(6), 1195–1217. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, J.
(1981) The role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students. In California State Department of Education (Ed.), Schooling and language minority students: A theoretical framework (pp. 3–49). Los Angeles, CA: Evaluation Dissemination and Assessment Center, California State University.Google Scholar
(1989) Empowering minority students. Sacramento, CA: California Association for Bilingualism Education.Google Scholar
(2005) A proposal for action: Strategies for recognizing heritage language competence as a learning resource within the mainstream classroom. Modern Language Journal, 89, 585–592.Google Scholar
Dal Negro, S.
(2004) The decay of a language: The case of a German dialect in the Italian Alps. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Danesi, M.
(1984) Canadian Italian: A case in point of how language adapts to environment. Polyphony, 7, 110–113.Google Scholar
(1985) Ethnic languages and acculturation: The case of Italo-Canadians. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 17, 98–103.Google Scholar
De Houwer, A.
(1999) Environmental factors in early bilingual development: The role of parental beliefs and attitudes. In G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Bilingualism and migration (pp. 75–95). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Bilingual first language acquisition. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A., & Bornstein, M. H.
(2016) Bilingual mothers’ language choice in child-directed speech: continuity and change. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 37(7), 680–693. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dell, G. S., & Chang, F.
(2014) The P-chain: Relating sentence production and its disorders to comprehension and acquisition. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B., 369, 20120394. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Deprez, C.
(1996) Politique linguistique familiale: Le rôle des femmes. In C. Juillard & L.-J. Calvet (Eds.), Politiques linguistiques, mythes et réalités (les). Actes des premières Journées scientifiques du réseau “Sociolinguistique et dynamique des langues” de l’AUF (pp. 155–161). Beyrouth: AUF.Google Scholar
Deuchar, M.
(2005) Congruence and Welsh–English code-switching. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 8(3), 255–269. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Diaz, B., Baus, C., Escera, C., Costa, A., & Sebastian-Galles, N.
(2008) Brain potentials to native phoneme discrimination reveal the origin of individual differences in learning the sounds of a second language. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 16083–16088. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dick, F., Bates, E., Wulfeck, B., Utman, J. A., Dronkers, N., & Gernsbacher, M. A.
(2001) Language deficits, localization, and grammar: Evidence for a distributive model of language breakdown in aphasic patients and neurologically intact individuals. Psychological Review, 108(4), 759–88. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dijkhoff, M.
(1993) Papiamentu word formation, a case study of complex nouns and their relation to phrases and clauses (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Dijkhoff, M., Kouwenberg, S., & Tjon Sie Fat, P.
(2006) The Dutch-speaking Caribbean. In U. Ammon, N. Dittmar, K. J. Mattheier, & P. Trudgill (Eds.), International handbook of sociolinguistics (pp. 2105–2114). Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, A., & van Heuven, W. J. B.
(2002) The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system: From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5, 175–197. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dijkstra, A.
(2005) Bilingual visual word recognition and lexical access. In J. F. Kroll, & A. de Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches (pp. 178–201). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, A., Miwa, K., Brummelhuis, B., Sappelli, M., & Baayen, H.
(2010) How cross-language similarity and task demands affect cognate recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 62, 284–301. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dijkstra, A., van Jaarsveld, H., & Ten Brinke, S.
(1998) Interlingual homograph recognition: Effects of task demands and language intermixing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 51–66. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, R. M. W.
(1972) The Dyirbal language of North Queensland. Cambridge: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Doğruöz, A. S., & Backus, A. M.
(2009) Innovative constructions in Dutch Turkish: An assessment of ongoing contact-induced change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 41–63. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Doğruöz, A. S.
(2007) Synchronic variation and diachronic change in Dutch Turkish: A corpus based analysis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tilburg University.Google Scholar
Domínguez, L.
(2013) Understanding interfaces: second language acquisition and native language attrition of Spanish subject realization and word order variation. (Language Acquisition and Language Disorders; No. 55). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Domínguez, L., Hicks, G., & Slabakova, R.
In press). Terminology use in generative acquisition research. The case if ‘incomplete acquisition’ in heritage language grammars. Studies in Second Language Acquisition.
Dorian, N. C.
(1981) Language death: The life cycle of a Scottish Gaelic ialect. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1998) Western language ideologies and small language prospects. In L. A. Grenoble & L. J. Whaley (Eds.), Endangered languages. Current issues and future prospects (pp. 3–21). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(Ed.) (1989) Investigating obsolescence: Studies in language contraction and death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dorleijn, M., & Nortier, J.
(2009) Code-switching and the internet. In B. E. Bullock, & A. J. Toribio (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of linguistic code switching, (pp. 127–141). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dudek, J. B.
(1925) The Czech language in America. American Mercury, 5, 202–07.Google Scholar
Duranti, A.
(1994) From grammar to politics: Linguistic anthropology in a Western Samoan Village. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Durgunoglu, A., & Verhoeven, L.
(1998) Literacy development in a multilingual context. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Eckert, P.
(2008) Variation and the indexical field. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12, 453–76. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Eckkrammer, E. M.
(2004) Passive voice in Papiamento. A corpus-based study on dialectal variability. In G. Escure & A. Schwegler (Eds.), Creoles, contact, and language change: Linguistic and social implications (pp. 209–219). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
England, N. C.
(2003) Mayan language revival and revitalization politics: Linguists and linguistic ideologies. American Anthropologist, 105(4), 733–743. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ernestus, M.
(2000) Voice assimilation and segment reduction in casual Dutch: a corpus-based study of the phonology-phonetics interface. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). VU Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Espinosa, A.
(1930) Estudios sobre el Español de Nuevo Méjico. I, Fonética. Traducción y notas de Amado Alonso y Angel Rosenblat. Buenos Aires: Boletin de Dialectologia Hispanica.Google Scholar
(1946) Estudios sobre el Español de Nuevo Méjico. II. Morfología. Traducción y notas de Amado Alonso y Angel Rosenblat. Buenos Aires: Boletin de Dialectologia Hispanica.Google Scholar
Estigarribia, B.
(2015) Guaraní-Spanish mixing in Paraguay: Is jopara a third language, a language variety, or true codeswitching? Journal of Language Contact, 8(2), 183–222. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Evans, N.
(2010) Dying words: Endangered languages and what they have to tell us. Walden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Evans, N., & Levinson, S.
(2009) The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 429–492. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Evans Braziel, J., & Mannur, A.
(Eds.) (2003) Theorizing diaspora: A reader. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Eversteijn, N.
(2011) “All at once”. Language choice and codeswitching by Turkish-Dutch teenagers (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tilburg University.Google Scholar
Extra, G.
(2002) The other languages of multicultural Europe: Perceptions, facts and educational policies. In S. Baker (Ed.). Language policy: Lessons from global models (pp. 130–151). Monterey, CA: Monterey Institute of International Studies.Google Scholar
(2013) Mapping increasing linguistic diversity in multicultural Europe and abroad. In D. M. Singleton, J. A. Fishman, L. Aronin, & M. Ó Laoire (Eds.), Current multilingualism: A new linguistic dispensation (pp. 139–162). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Extra, G., & Yagmur, K.
(2010) Language proficiency and socio-cultural orientation of Turkish and Moroccan youngsters in the Netherlands. Language and Education, 24(2), 117–132. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Extra, G., & Verhoeven, L.
(Eds.) (1993) Community languages in the Netherlands. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.Google Scholar
(1998) Immigrant minority groups and immigrant minority languages in Europe. In G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Bilingualism and migration (pp. 3–28). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Extra, G., Aarts, R., van der Avoird, T., Broeder, P., & Yagmur, K.
(2002) De andere talen van Nederland. Thuis en op school. Bussum: Coutinho.Google Scholar
Eybers, G. J.
(1916) Testament Nobo di nos Señor y Salbador Jesu-Christo. Amsterdam: Nederlands Bijbel Genootschap.Google Scholar
Fenyvesi, A.
(1995/1996) The case of American Hungarian case: Morphological change in McKeesport, PA. Acta Linguistica Hungarica, 43, 381–404.Google Scholar
(Ed.) (2005) Hungarian language contact outside Hungary. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, C. A.
(1959) Diglossia. Word, 15, 325–340. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, E. M., Souza, R. A., & Carando, A.
(2017) Bilingual innovations: Experimental evidence offers clues regarding the psycholinguistics of language change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 20, 2, 251–268. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, F.
(2003) The misinterpretation of non-canonical sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 47, 164–203. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fishman, J. A.
(1972) The sociology of language; An interdisciplinary social science approach to language in society. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
(1991) Reversing language shift: Theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
(2001a) 300-plus years of heritage language education in the United States. In J. Kreeft Peyton, D. Ranard, & S. McGinnis (Eds.), Heritage languages in America. Preserving a national resource (pp. 81–97). Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics & Delta Systems.Google Scholar
(Ed.) (2001b) Can threatened languages be saved? Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Flecken, M.
(2010) Event conceptualization in language production of early bilinguals (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Radboud University, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E., MacKay, I. R., & Piske, T.
(2002) Assessing bilingual dominance. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23, 567–598. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Flores, C., & Rato, A.
(2016) Global accent in the Portuguese speech of heritage returnees. Journal of Heritage Language, 13(2), 161–183.Google Scholar
Flores, C., Santos, A., Jesus, A., & Marques, R.
(2017) Age and input effects in the acquisition of mood in Heritage Portuguese. Journal of Child Language, 44(4), 795–828. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Flores, N., & Toro, J.
(2000) The persistence of dialect features under conditions of contact and leveling. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 19(2), 31–42.Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A.
(1983) Modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fokker, A. A.
(1914) Het Papiamentoe of basterd-spaans der West Indiese eilanden. Tijdschrift voor Nederlandse Taal en Letterkunde, 33, 54–79.Google Scholar
Fouse, G. C.
(2002) The story of Papiamentu: a study in slavery and language. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, Incorporated.Google Scholar
Frazier, L., & Clifton Jr., C.
(1996) Construal. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Fricke, M., & Kootstra, G. J.
(2016) Primed codeswitching in spontaneous bilingual dialogue. Journal of Memory and Language, 91, 181–201. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gal, S.
(1979) Language shift. New York,NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Garcia, O.
(2009) Bilingual education in the 21st Century: A global perspective. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Garrett, P. B.
(2005) What a language is good for: Language socialization, language shift, and the persistence of code-specific genres in St. Lucia. Language in Society, 34(3), 327–361. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gaskell, M. G.
(Ed.) (2007) The Oxford handbook of psycholinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gass, S.
(1987) The resolution of conflicts among competing systems: A bidirectional perspective. Applied Psycholinguistics, 8, 329–50. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gathercole, V. C. Mueller, & Thomas, E. M.
(2009) Bilingual first-language development: Dominant language takeover, threatened minority language take-up. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 213–237. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Geense, P., & Tsui, T. C.
(2001) Chinees. In G. Extra & J. J. de Ruiter (Eds.), Babylon aan de Noordzee. Nieuwe talen in Nederland (pp. 78–100). Amsterdam: Bulaaq.Google Scholar
Genesee, F., Nicoladis, E., & Paradis, J.
(1995) Language differentiation in early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 22(3), 611–63. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gershkoff-Stowe, L.
(2002) Object naming, vocabulary growth, and the development of word retrieval abilities. Journal of Memory and Language, 46, 665–687. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gertken, L. M., Amengual, M., Birdsong, D., & Birdsong, D.
(2014) Assessing language dominance with the Bilingual Language Profile. Measuring L2 proficiency: Perspectives from SLA. Second Language Acquisition, 78, 208–225.Google Scholar
Gibson, E., Piantadosi, S. T. & Fedorenko, K.
(2011) Using Mechanical Turk to obtain and analyze English acceptability judgments. Language and Linguistics Compass, 5(8), 509–524. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gijsberts, M., & J. Dagevos
(2005) Uit elkaars buurt. De invloed van etnische concentratie op integratie en beeldvorming. The Hague: SCP.Google Scholar
Gilbert, G. G.
(1965) English Loanwords in the German of Fredericksburg, Texas. American Speech, 40(2), 102–112. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Giles, H., & P. Johnson
(1987) Ethnolinguistic identity theory: A social psychological approach to language maintenance. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 68, 69–100.Google Scholar
Giles, H., Bourhis, R. Y., & Taylor, D. M.
(1977) Towards a theory of language in ethnic group relations. In H. Giles (Ed.), Language, ethnicity and intergroup relations (pp. 307–348). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Givón, T.
(1979) Prolegomena to any sane creology. In Ian F. Hancock (Ed.), Readings in Creole studies (pp. 3–35). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Golato, A.
(2002) German compliment responses. Journal of Pragmatics, 34(5), 547–571. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gollan, T. H., & Goldrick, M.
(2016) Grammatical constraints on language switching: Language control is not just executive control. Journal of Memory and Language, 90, 177–199. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gollan, T. H., & Goldrick, M.
(2018) A switch is not a switch: Syntactically-driven bilingual language control. J. Exp. Psycho.l Learn. Mem. Cogn., 44(1), 143–156. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Cera, C. & Sandoval, T. C.
(2008) More use almost always a means a smaller frequency effect: Aging, bilingualism, and the weaker links hypothesis. Journal of Memory and Language, 58(3), 787–814. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gollan, T. H., Starr, J., & Ferreira, V. S.
(2015) More than use it or lose it: The number-of-speakers effect on heritage language proficiency. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(1), 147–155. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gonzo, S., & Saltarelli, M.
(1983) Pidginization and linguistic change in emigrant languages. In R. W. Andersen (Eds.), Pidginization and creolization as language acquisition (pp. 181–197). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Green, D. W.
(2011) Language control in different contexts: The behavioral ecology of bilingual speakers. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, article 103. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J.
(2013) Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis. Journal of cognitive psychology. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Green, E.
(1961) English and Yiddish in Detroit. A survey and analysis of reciprocal influences in bilinguals’ pronunciation, grammar, and dictionary (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Grimshaw, J.
(1997) Projection, heads, and optimality. Linguistic Inquiry, 28, 373–422.Google Scholar
Grin, F.
(2003) Language policy evaluation and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. London: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Grodzinsky, Y., & Reinhart, T.
(1993) The innateness of binding and coreference. Linguistic Inquiry, 24(1), 69–101.Google Scholar
Groot, A. M. B. de
(2011) Language and cognition in bilinguals and multilinguals: An introduction. New York, NY: Psychology Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F.
(2001) The bilingual’s language modes. In J. L. Nicol (Ed.), One mind, two languages: Bilingual language processing (pp. 1–22). Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F., & Ping Li
(2013) The psycholinguistics of bilingualism. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F.
(2008) Studying bilinguals. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Guanglun, M.
(2014) Learning Chinese as a heritage language in Australia and beyond: The role of capital. Language and Education, 28(5), 477–492. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Guijarro-Fuentes, P., & Marinis, T.
(2011) Voicing language dominance. Acquiring Spanish by British English/Spanish bilingual children. In K. Potowski & J. Rothman (Eds.), Bilingual youth. Spanish in English-speaking societies (pp. 227–248). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gullberg, M., Indefrey, P. & Muysken, P.
(2009) Research techniques for the study of codeswitching. In B. E. Bullock & A. J. Toribio (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of linguistic code-switching (pp. 21–39). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gumperz, J. J.
(1982) Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., & Kreiter, J.
(2003) Understanding child bilingual acquisition using parent and teacher reports. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 267–288. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gynan, S.
(1998) Migration patterns and language maintenance in Paraguay. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2(2), 59–70. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hale, K., Krauss, M., Watahomigie, L. J., Yamamoto, A. Y., Craig, C., LaVerne Masayesva, J., & England, N. C.
(1992) Endangered languages. Language, 68, 1–42.Google Scholar
Halmari, H.
(1997) Government and codeswitching. Explaining American Finnish. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hammarström, H.
(2010) The status of the least documented language families in the world. Language Documentation and Conservation, 4, 177–212.Google Scholar
Hancock, A.
(2014) Chinese complementary schools in Scotland and the continua of biliteracy. In A. Hancock & X. L. Curdt-Christiansen (Eds.), Learning Chinese in diasporic communities: Many pathways to being Chinese (pp. 59–80). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hanulová, J., Davidson, D. J., & Indefrey, P.
(2011) Where does the delay in L2 picture naming come from? Psycholinguistic and neurocognitive evidence on second language word production. Language and Cognitive Processes, 26, 902–934. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, M.
(1987) Processing transfer: Language-specific processing strategies as a source of interlanguage variation. Applied Psycholinguistics, 8, 351–377. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, B.
(2000) Passing on the language: Heritage language diversity in Canada. http://​www​.statcan​.gc​.ca​/pub​/11​-008​-x​/2000002​/article​/5165​-eng​.pdf (August 4 2015).
Hartling, A. S.
(2016) The ubiquitous Spanish se – Monoclausal reciprocal constructions in heritage Danish in Argentina. Presented at Sociolinguistics Symposium 21, Murcia, Spain.
Hartog, J.
(1968) Curaçao, from colonial dependence to autonomy. Aruba: De Wit.Google Scholar
Hartsuiker, R. J., & Pickering, M. J.
(2008) Language integration in bilingual sentence production. Acta Psychologica, 128, 479–489. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hartsuiker, R. J., Pickering, M. J., & Veltkamp, E.
(2004) Is syntax separate or shared between languages? Cross-linguistic syntactic priming in Spanish-English bilinguals. Psychological Science, 15, 409–414. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Haspelmath, M.
(2008) A frequentist explanation of some universals of reflexive marking. Linguistic Discovery, 6(1), 40–63. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hatzidaki, A., Branigan, H. P., & Pickering, M. J.
(2011) Co-activation of syntax in bilingual language production. Cognitive Psychology, 62, 123–150. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Haugen, E.
(1953) The Norwegian language in America: A study in bilingual behavior, I: The bilingual community. II: The American dialects of Norwegian. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1956) Bilingualism in the Americas: A bibliography and research guide (Publication 26 of the American Dialect Society). Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
He, A. W.
(2010) The heart of heritage: Sociocultural dimensions of heritage language learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 30, 66–82. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
He, A. W., & Yun, X.
(Eds.) (2008) Chinese as a Heritage Language: Fostering rooted world citizenry. Honolulu, HI: NFLRC/University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Heine, B., & Kuteva, T.
(2003) On contact-induced grammaticalization. Studies in Language, 27(3), 529–572. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hell, J. G. van, & Dijkstra, A.
(2002) Foreign language knowledge can influence native language performance in exclusively native contexts. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 9, 780–789. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Henzl, V.
(1982) American Czech: A comparative study of linguistic modifications in immigrant and young children’s speech. In R. Sussex (Ed.) Slavic languages in emigré communities (pp. 33–46). Edmonton, Alberta: Linguistic Research.Google Scholar
Hernandez Chavez, E., Cohen, A. D., & Beltrano, A. F.
(1975) El lenguaje de los Chicanos: Regional and social characteristics of language used by Mexican Americans. Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Hesseling, D. C.
(1933) Een Spaans boek over het Papiaments. Tijdschrift voor NederlandscheTaal- en Letterkunde, 52, 40–69.Google Scholar
Hill, J., & Hill, K.
(1986) Speaking Mexicano. Dynamics of syncretic language in Central Mexico. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Hlavac, J.
(2003) Second-generation speech: Lexicon, code-switching and morpho-syntax of Croatian-English bilinguals. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
(2012) Psycholinguistic, metalinguistic and socio–psychological accounts of code–switching: A comparative analysis of their incidence in a large Croatian–English sample. Suvremena lingvistika/Contemporary Linguistics, 73, 47–71.Google Scholar
Hoff, E., Rumiche, R., Burridge, A., Ribot, K. M., & Welsh, S. N.
(2014) Expressive Vocabulary Development in Children from Bilingual and Monolingual Homes: A Longitudinal Study from Two to Four Years. Early childhood research quarterly, 29(4), 433–444. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Holm, J. A.
(1988) Pidgins and Creoles (2 Vols). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hornberger, N. H.
(1988) Bilingual education and language maintenance: A southern Peruvian case. Dordrecht: Foris. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hornberger, N. H., & Wang, S. C.
(2008) Who are our heritage language learners? Identity and biliteracy in heritage language education in the United States. In D. M. Brinton, O. Kagan, & S. Bauckus (Eds.), Heritage language education: A new field emerging (pp. 3–35). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hyams, N. M.
(1986) Language acquisition and the Theory of Parameters. Dordrecht: Reidel. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hyltenstam, K., Bylund, E., Abrahamsson, N., & Park, H.-S.
(2009) Dominant language replacement: The case of international adoptees. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12(2), 121–140. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Indefrey, P., Şahin, H., & Gullberg, M.
(2017) The expression of spatial relationships in Turkish–Dutch bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 20(3), 473–493. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Irizarri van Suchtelen, P.
(2016) Spanish as a heritage language in the Netherlands. A cognitive linguistic exploration (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Radboud University, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Isac, D., & Reiss, C.
(2013) I-language: An introduction to linguistics as cognitive science (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. S.
(1997) The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Jacobs, B.
(2009) The Upper Guinea origins of Papiamentu. Linguistic and historical evidence. Diachronica, 26(3), 319–379. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) The origin and originality of passivization in Papiamentu. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 10(2), 31–56. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2014) The phonological and morphosyntactic integration of Dutch loans in Papiamentu. Manuscript.Google Scholar
Jacobs, B. with M. van der Wal
(2015) The discovery, nature, and implications of a Papiamentu text fragment from 1783. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 30(1), 44–62. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, R.
(1977) The social implications of intra-sentential code-switching. New directions in Chicano scholarship (special issue). New Scholar, 6, 227–256.Google Scholar
Jakobson, R.
(1941) Kindersprache, Aphasie und allgemeine Lautgesetze. Uppsala, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell.Google Scholar
Jansen, B., Lalleman, J., & Muysken, P.
(1981) The alternation hypothesis: Acquisition of Dutch word order by Turkish and Moroccan foreign workers. Language Learning: A Journal of Applied Linguistics, 31, 315–336. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jarvis, S., & Pavlenko, A.
(2008) Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. New York, NY: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jia, G., & Aaronson, D.
(2003) A longitudinal study of Chinese children and adolescents learning English in the US. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24(1), 131–163. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jia, G., Aaronson, D., & Wu, Y.
(2002) Long-term language attainment of bilingual immigrants: Predictive variables and language group differences. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23, 599–621. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Johanson, L.
(1992) Strukturelle Faktoren in türkischen Sprachkontakten. (Sitzungsberichte der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 29:5). Stuttgart: Steiner.Google Scholar
(2002) Contact-induced linguistic change in a codecopying framework. In M. C. Jones, & E. Esch (Εds.), Language change: The interplay of internal, external and extra-linguistic factors (Contributions to the sociology of language, 86) (pp. 285–313). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
(2008) Remodeling grammar. Copying, conventionalization, grammaticalization. In P. Siemund & N. Kintana (Eds.), Language contact and contact languages (pp. 61–79). (Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism 7.) Amsterdam: Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, J. S. & Newport, E. L.
(1989) Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology, 21, 60–99. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jonker, E. F.
(2009) Toen de Amboneesjes kwamen. Achtergrond, theorie en praktijk van het (bicultureel) onderwijs aan drie generaties Molukse kinderen in Nederland 1951–2008. In A. E. M. G. Minnaert, H. C. Lutje Spelberg, & H. T. A. Amsing (Eds.), Het pedagogisch quotiënt. Pedagogische kwaliteit in opvoeding, hulpverlening en educatie (pp. 229–260). Houten: Bohn, Stafleu, Van Loghum. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jørgensen, J. N.
(2003) Bilingualism and minority languages. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 159, 73–92.Google Scholar
Jørgersen, J. N.
(2008) Polylingual languaging around and among children and adolescents, I. International Journal of Multilingualism, 5(3), 161–176. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Joubert, S. M.
(1999) Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Papiaments. Zutphen: Koninklijke Wöhrmann.Google Scholar
Jurafsky, D.
(2003) Probabilistic modeling in psycholinguistics: linguistic comprehension and production. In R. Bod, J. Hay, & S. Jannedy (Eds.) Probability Theory in linguistics (pp. 39–96). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kagan, O., & Friedman, D.
(2003) Using the OPI to place heritage speakers of Russian. Foreign Language Annals, 36(4), 536–545. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kallmeyer, W., & Keim, I.
(2003) Linguistic variation and the construction of social identity in a German-Turkish setting. A case study of an immigrant youth group in Mannheim, Germany. In J. Androutsopoulos & A. Georgakopoulou (Eds.), Discourse constructions of youth identities (pp. 29–46). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kasstan, J. R., Auer, A., & Salmons, J.
(2018) Heritage-language speakers: Theoretical and empirical challenges on sociolinguistic attitudes and prestige. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(4), 387–394. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kehoe, M., Lleó, C., & Rakow, M.
(2004) Voice onset time in bilingual German-Spanish children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(1), 71–88. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Speech rhythm in the pronunciation of German and Spanish monolingual and German-Spanish bilingual 3-year-olds. Linguistische Berichte, 227, 323–351.Google Scholar
Keijzer, M.
(2010a) First language acquisition and first language attrition: Parallels and divergences. Saarbrucken: Lambert Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
(2010b) The regression hypothesis as a theoretical framework for first language attrition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13(1), 9–18. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Keim, I., & Cindark, I.
(2002) Der Umgang mit dem negativen Face in zwei jugendlichen Migrant Innengruppen: Gespielt aggressive vs. ironische Formen der Kritik. In D. Hartung & A. Shethar (Eds.), Kulturen und ihre Sprachen. Die Wahrnehmung anders Sprechender und ihr Selbstverständnis (pp. 57–86). Berlin: Trafo.Google Scholar
Kester, E.-P., & Fun, J.
(2012) Language use, language attitudes and identity among Aruban students in the Netherlands. In N. Faraclas, R. Severing, C. Weijer, & L. Echteld (Eds.), Multiplex cultures and citizenships (pp. 231–248). Curaçao: University of Curaçao /Fundashon pa Planifikashon di Idioma.Google Scholar
Kester, E.-P., & Hortencia, T. E.
(2010) Language use, language attitudes and identity among Curaçaoan students in the Netherlands. In N. Faraclas, R. Severing, C. Weijer, & E. Echteld (Eds.), Crossing shifting boundaries: Language and changing political status in Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao (pp. 49–66). Curaçao: University of Curaçao /Fundashon pa Planifikashon di Idioma.Google Scholar
King, K. A.
(2016) Language policy, multilingual encounters, and transnational families. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 37(7), 726–733. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Klatter, J. A. K., & Kroon, S.
(Eds.) (1997) Dutch overseas: Studies in maintenance and loss of Dutch as an immigrant language. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.Google Scholar
Klein, F.
(1980) A quantitative study of syntactic and pragmatic indications of change in the Spanish of bilinguals in the US. In W. Labov (Ed.), Locating language in time and space (pp. 69–82). London: Academia Press.Google Scholar
Klein, W., & Perdue, C.
(1992) Utterance structure: Developing grammars again. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Klein, W., & Dittmar, N.
(1979) Developing grammars, Berlin: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Klooster, W., & Oostindie, G.
(2011) Curaçao in the age of revolutions, 1795–1800. Leiden: KITLV Press.Google Scholar
Knightly, L. M., Jun, S. A., Oh, J. S., & Au, T. K. F.
(2003) Production benefits of childhood overhearing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 114(1), 465–474. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kontra, M.
(1998) The sociolinguistics of Hungarian outside Hungary project (Final Report to the Research Support Scheme). Budapest: Linguistics Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
(2006) Hungarian in- and outside Hungary. In U. Ammon, N. Dittmar, K. Mattheier, & P. Trudgill (Eds.), Sociolinguistics/Soziolinguistik (2nd completely revised and extended ed., Volume 3, pp. 1811–1818). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kook, H., & Narain, G.
(1993) Papiamento. In G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (Eds.) Community languages in the Netherlands (pp. 69–92). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.Google Scholar
Koontz Garboden, A.
(2004) Language contact and Spanish aspectual expression: A formal analysis. Lingua, 114, 1291–1330. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Koornneef, A., Avrutin, S., Wijnen, F., & Reuland, E.
(2011) Tracking the preference for bound-variable dependencies in ambiguous ellipses and only-structures. In J. Runner (Ed.), Experiments at the interfaces (pp. 67–100). Bingley: Emerald.Google Scholar
Kootstra, G. J., Dijkstra, A., & Starren, M.
In J. D. Wright (Ed.) International encyclopedia of social and behavioral sciences (2015) Second language acquisition. (2nd ed., Vol. 21, pp. 349–359). Oxford: Elsevier. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kootstra, G. J., van Hell, J. G., & Dijkstra, A.
(2009) Two speakers, one dialogue. An interactive alignment perspective on code-switching in bilingual speakers. In L. Isurin, D. Winford, & K. de Bot (Eds.), Multidisciplinary approaches to code switching (pp. 129–159). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2012) Priming of code-switches in sentences: The role of lexical repetition, cognates, and language proficiency. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15, 797–819. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kootstra, G. J., & Doedens, W. J.
(2016) Cross-language interaction and convergence in bilingual sentence production: Immediate and long-lasting effects of structural priming and verb bias between languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(4), 710–732. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kootstra, G. J. & Rossi, E.
(2017) Moving beyond the priming of single-language sentences: A proposal for a comprehensive model to account for linguistic representation in bilinguals. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, e297. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kootstra, G. J., & Şahin, H.
(2018) Cross-language structural priming as a potential mechanism of contact-induced language change. Language, 94(4), 902–930. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kootstra, G. J., van Hell, J. G., & Dijkstra, A.
(2010) Syntactic alignment and shared word order in code-switched sentence production: Evidence from bilingual monologue and dialogue. Journal of Memory and Language, 63, 210–231. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kopeliovich, S.
(2010) Family language policy: A case study of a a Russian-Hebrew bilingual family – Toward a theoretical framework. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 4(3), 162–178. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kouwenberg, S., & Murray, E.
(1994) Papiamentu. Munich: Lincom.Google Scholar
Kouwenberg, S.
(1994) A grammar of Berbice Dutch Creole. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kovács, M.
(2001) Code-switching and language shift in Australian Finnish in comparison with Australian Hungarian. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press.Google Scholar
Kowallik, S., & Kramer, J.
(1994) Influencias del neerlandés en el papiamento. In J. Lüdtke & M. Perl (Eds.), Sprache und Kultur in der Karibik (pp. 147–165). Tübingen: Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Kramer, J.
(2004) Die iberoromanische Kreolsprache Papiamento. Hamburg: Helmut Buske.Google Scholar
Krauss, M. E.
(2007) Mass language extinction and documentation: The race against time. In O. Miyaoka, O. Sakiyama, & M. Krauss (Eds.), Vanishing languages of the Pacific Rim (pp. 3–24). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. F., Bobb, S. C., & Wodniecka, Z.
(2006) Language selectivity is the exception, not the rule: Arguments against a fixed locus of language selection in bilingual speech. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 119–135. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, J. F., & Groot, A. M. B. de
(2005) Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. F., Bogulski, C. A., McClain, R.
(2012) Psycholinguistic perspectives on second language learning and bilingualism: The course and consequence of cross-language competition. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 2, 1–24. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, J. F., Bobb, S., & Hoshino, N.
(2014) Two Languages in Mind. Current directions in psychological science, 23, 159–163. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kuhl, P. K.
(2004) Early language acquisition: Cracking the speech code. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 831–843. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, J.
(2001) Generation and parsing in optimality theoretic syntax – Issues in the formalization of OT-LFG. In P. Sells (Ed.) Formal and empirical issues in optimality-theoretic syntax (pp. 313–366). Stanford, CA: CSLI.Google Scholar
Kupisch, T.
(2013) A new term for a better distinction? A view from the higher end of the proficiency scale. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3–4), 203–214.Google Scholar
(2014) Adjective placement in simultaneous bilinguals (German–Italian) and the concept of cross-linguistic overcorrection. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(1), 222–233. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2018) 2L1 simultaneous bilinguals as heritage speakers in morphosyntax and phonology. Introduction: Recent developments in early bilingualism. Bilingualism, 21(4), 653–655. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T., Barton, D., Hailer, K., Kostogryz, E., Lein, T., Stangen, I., & van de Weijer, J.
(2015) Foreign accent in adult simultaneous bilinguals. Heritage Language Journal, 11(2), 123–150.Google Scholar
Kupisch, T., & Rothman, J.
(2018) Terminology matters! Why difference is not incompleteness and how early child bilinguals are heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(5), 564–582. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T., & van de Weijer, J.
(2016) The role of the childhood environment for language dominance: A study of adult simultaneous bilingual speakers of German and French. In J. Treffers-Daller & C. Silva-Corvalán (Eds.), Operationalising and measuring language dominance (pp. 174–194). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kusters, W.
(2003) Linguistic complexity: The influence of social change on verbal inflection. Utrecht: LOT Dissertation Series.Google Scholar
La Morgia, F.
(2011) Who is afraid of multilingualism? Evaluating the linguistic impact of migration in Ireland. In M. Darmody, N. Tyrrell, & S. Song (Eds.), The changing faces of Ireland: Exploring the lives of immigrant and ethnic minority children (pp. 3–16). Rotterdam: SensePublishers. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W.
(1972a) Some principles of linguistic methodology. Language in Society, 1, 97–120. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1972b) Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
(1989) The child as linguistic historian. Language Variation and Change, 1, 85–97. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1994) Principles of linguistic change, Vol. 1: Internal factors. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Laleko, O., & Kawamura, H.
(2011) Grammatical restructuring in intergenerational language shift: A case of heritage Japanese. Presented at The 56th Annual Conference of the International Linguistics Association 15–17 April, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.
Laleko, O.
(2010) The syntax-pragmatics interface in language loss: Covert restructuring of aspect in heritage Russian (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Laleko, O., & Polinsky, M.
(2016) Between syntax and discourse: Topic and case marking in heritage speakers and L2 learners of Japanese and Korean. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 6(4), 396–439. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, W. E.
(1975) Culture and language as factors in learning and education. In A. Wolf-gang (Ed.), Education of immigrant students. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.Google Scholar
(1977) The effects of bilingualism on the individual: Cognitive and socio- cultural consequences. In P. A. Hornby (Ed.), Bilingualism: Psychological, social and educational implications (pp. 15–28). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
(1981) Bilingualism and language acquisition. In H. Winitz (Ed.), Native language and foreign language acquisition (pp. 9–22). New York, NY: New York Academy of Science.Google Scholar
Langacker, R. W.
(1987) Foundations of cognitive grammar, Vol. I: Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
(2008) Cognitive grammar: A basic introduction. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lanza, E., & Ailin Svendsen, B.
(2007) Tell me who your friends are and I might be able to tell you what language(s) you speak: Social network analysis, multilingualism and identity. International Journal of Bilingualism, 11(3), 275–300. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lanza, E.
(1997) Language mixing in infant bilingualism. A sociolinguistic perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Legendre, G., Putnam, M. T., de Swart, H., & Zaroukian, E.
(Eds.) (2016) Optimality-Theoretic Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics: From Uni- to Bidirectional Optimization (pp. 300–324). Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lehtinen, M. K. T.
(1966) An analysis of a Finnish-English bilingual corpus (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington. Distributed by University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Lein, T., Kupisch, T., & van de Weijer, J.
(2016) Voice onset time and global foreign accent in German–French simultaneous bilinguals during adulthood. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(6), 732–74. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lenz, R.
(1928) El papiamento: La lengua criolla de Curazao. Santiago de Chile: Balcells & Cia.Google Scholar
Lestrade, S.
(2010) The space of case (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). Radboud University, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Levelt, W. J. M.
(1989) Speaking: From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S.
(1999) A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 1–38; discussion 38–75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Levine, G.
(2000) First-language acquisition in the immigrant situation: Yiddish in the United States (Linguistische Arbeiten 426). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Li, D.
(1999) The functions and status of English in Hong Kong: A post-1997 update. English World-Wide, 20(1), 67–110. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Li, Wei
(1994) Three generations, two languages, one family. Language choice and language shift in a Chinese community in Britain. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
(2007) Dimensions of bilingualism. In Li Wei (Ed.), The bilingualism reader (2nd ed., pp. 3–22). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2011) Moment Analysis and translanguaging space: Discursive construction of identities by multilingual Chinese youth in Britain. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(5), 1222–1235. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Li, Wei & W. Green, D. W.
(2014) A control process model of code-switching. Language and Cognitive Processes. 29. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Li, Wei, & Zhu Hua
(2010) Voices from the diaspora: Changing hierarchies and dynamics of Chinese multilingualism. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 205, 155–171.Google Scholar
Lindsey, K. L.
(2013) How HALA and the BLP can be used for an earlier detection of language attrition in the Chuvash community. 3rd Annual International Conference of Language Documentation & Conservation. Manoa, Hawaii.
Linguistic Minorities Project
(1985) The other languages of England. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Liu, H., Bates, E., & Li, P.
(1992) Sentence interpretation in bilingual speakers of English and Chinese. Applied Psycholinguistics, 13, 451–484. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Na
(2013) The linguistic vitality of Chinese in the United States. Heritage Language Journal, 10, 1–11.Google Scholar
Lleó, C., & Kehoe, M.
(Eds.) (2002) On the interaction of phonological systems in child bilingual acquisition. International Journal of bilingualism, 6(3), 233–237. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lleó, C.
(2016) Bilingualism and child phonology. Oxford Handbooks Online, May. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lo Bianco, J.
(2008) Policy activity for heritage languages: Connections with representation and citizenship. In D. M. Brinton, O. Kagan, & S. Bauckus (Eds.), Heritage language education: A new field emerging (pp. 53–69). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lobo, V. R.
(2013) L2 teaching at a very early age: A study of Dutch schools. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Loebell, H., & Bock, J. K.
(2003) Structural priming across languages. Linguistics, 41, 791–824. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Los, B. L. J., & Starren, M.
(2013) A typological switch in early Modern English – and the beginning of one in Dutch? Leuvense Bijdragen. Tijdschrift voor Germaanse Filologie, 98, 98–126.Google Scholar
Louden, M. L.
(2016) Pennsylvania Dutch. The story of an American language. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Lynch, A.
(2013) Observaciones sobre comunidad y (dis)continuidad en el estudio sociolingüístico del español en Estados Unidos. In D. Dumitrescu & G. Piña-Rosales (Eds.), El español en los Estados Unidos: E pluribus unum? Enfoques multidisciplinarios (pp. 67–83). New York, NY: Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española.Google Scholar
(2014) The first decade of the Heritage Language Journal: A retrospective view of research on heritage languages. Heritage Language Journal, 11(3), 224–242.Google Scholar
Lyra, F.
(1962) English and Polish in Contact (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington. Distributed by University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Maduro, A. J.
(1953) Ensayo pa yega na un ortografia uniforme pa nos Papiamentu. Curaçao: Scherpenheuvel.Google Scholar
Mahon, M., & Crutchley, A.
(2006) Performance of typically-developing school-age children with English as an additional language on the British Picture Vocabulary Scales II. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 22(3), 333–351. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Makihara, M.
(2001) Modern Rapa Nui adaptation of Spanish elements. Oceanic Linguistics, 40, 191–223. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Manosuthikit, A.
(2013) Language ideologies and practices of a Burmese community in the US: A critical perspective on multilingualism (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Wisconsin, Madison.Google Scholar
Maratsos, M.
(2000) More overregularisations after all: New data and discussion on Marcus, Pinker, Ullman, Hollander, Rosen & Xu. Journal of Child Language, 27, 183–212. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Martinus, E. F.
(1990) Papiamentu: Road to emancipation. In C. Hagège (Ed.), Language reform: History and future (Vol. 5, pp. 127–147). Hamburg: Helmut Buske.Google Scholar
(1996) The kiss of a slave: Papiamentu’s West-African connections (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universiteit van Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Maschler, Y.
(1998) On the transition from code-switching to a mixed code. In P. Auer (Ed.), Code-switching in conversation (pp. 125–149). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Matras, Y.
(1998) Utterance modifiers and universals of grammatical borrowing. Linguistics, 36(2), 281–331. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Language contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, P.
(1998) Les modifications temporelles et modales du verbe dans le Papiamento de Curaçao (Antilles Néerlandaises). Hamburg: Helmut Buske.Google Scholar
Mayer, M.
(1969) Frog, where are you? (A boy, a dog, and a frog). New York, NY: Dial Books.Google Scholar
McDonald, J. L.
(1987) Sentence interpretation in bilingual speakers of English and Dutch. Applied Psycholinguistics, 8, 379–413. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meara, P., Milton, J., & Lorenzo-Dus, N.
(2003) Swansea Language Aptitude Tests (LAT) v2.0. Swansea: Lognostics.Google Scholar
Meara, P.
(2005) LLAMA language aptitude tests: The manual. Swansea: Lognostics.Google Scholar
Meisel, J. M.
(1989) Early differentiation of languages in bilingual children. Bilingualism across the lifespan: Aspects of acquisition, maturity and loss (pp. 13–40). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meisel, J.
(2014) Heritage language learners: Incomplete acquisition of grammar in early childhood. In A. Enrique-Arias, M. J. Gutiérrez, A. Landa, & F. Ocampo (Eds.), Perspectives in the study of Spanish language variation (pp. 429–454). Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.Google Scholar
Mencken, H. L.
(1936) [1947] The American language (4th ed.). New York, NY: Knopf.Google Scholar
Meuter, R. F. I., & Allport, A.
(1999) Bilingual language switching in naming: Asymmetrical costs of language selection. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 25–40. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meuter, R.
(2005) Language selection in bilinguals: Mechanisms and processes. In J. F. Kroll, A. M. B. de Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches (pp. 349–370). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(2009) Language selection and performance optimisation in multilinguals. In A. Pavlenko (Ed.), Multidisciplinary approaches to code switching (pp. 27–51). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Milroy, L., & Li, Wei
(1995) A social network perspective on code-switching and language choice: The example of the Tyneside Chinese community. In L. Milroy & P. Muysken (Eds.), One speaker, two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code-switching (pp. 136–157). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S.
(2004a) Subject and object expression in Spanish heritage speakers: A case of morphosyntactic convergence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(2), 125–142. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2004b) The acquisition of Spanish. Morphosyntactic development in monolingual and bilingual L1 acquisition and in adult L2 acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2008) Incomplete acquisition in bilingualism: Re-examining the age factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010) Dominant language transfer in adult second language learners and heritage speakers. Second Language Research, 26(3), 293–327. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Morphological errors in Spanish second language learners and heritage speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(2), 163–192. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2016) The acquisition of heritage languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., & Potowski, K.
(2007) Command of gender agreement in school-age Spanish bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 11(3), 301–328. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., & Bowles, M.
(2009) Back to basics: Incomplete knowledge of Differential Object Marking in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12(3), 363–383. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., Bhatt, R., & Bhatia, A.
(2012) Erosion of case and agreement in Hindi heritage Speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 2, 141–176. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., & Sánchez-Walker, N.
(2013) Differential Object Marking in child and adult Spanish heritage speakers. Language Acquisition, 20, 109–132. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Moro, F.
(2016) Dynamics of Ambon Malay: Comparing Ambon and the Netherlands (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Radboud University, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Moro, F., & Klamer, M.
(2015) Give-constructions in Heritage Ambon Malay in the Netherlands. Journal of Language Contact, 8(2), 263–198. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mota, C. A.
(1997) The maintenance of Portuguese as a heritage language in Winnipeg (Unpublished MA thesis). University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.Google Scholar
Müller, N., & Hulk, A.
(2001) Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual language acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4(1), 1–21. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Muysken, P.
(1997) Older studies on migrant languages in the United States: A model for European research? In A. Melis & P. Weber (Eds.), Festschrift 20 jaar Onderzoekscentrum voor Meertaligheid (pp. 238–247). Vrije Universiteit Brussel.Google Scholar
(2000) Bilingual speech. A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(2002) Uchumataqu: Research in progress on the Bolivian Altiplano. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 4, 235–237.Google Scholar
(2008) Functional Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010a) Scenarios for language contact. In R. Hickey (Ed.), Handbook of language contact (pp. 265–281). Oxford: Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010b) The demise and attempted revival of Uchumataqu (Uru). In J. A. Flores Farfán, & F. Ramallo (Eds.), New perspectives on endangered languages. Bridging gaps between sociolinguistics, documentation and language revitalization (pp. 93–118). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2013) Language contact outcomes as the result of bilingual optimization strategies. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(4), 709–730. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2016) From Colombo to Athens: An areal perspective on bilingual compound verbs. Languages. Mixed verbs and linguistic creativity in bi/multilingual communities. Languages. 1(1), 2. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Muysken, P., Kook, H., & P. Vedder
(1996) Papiamento/Dutch code-switching in bilingual parent-child reading. Applied Psycholinguistics, 17, 485–505. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Myers-Scotton, C.
(1993) Duelling languages: Grammatical structure in codeswitching. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
(2006) Natural code-switching knocks on the laboratory door. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 203–212. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nagy, N., & Reynolds, B.
(1997) Optimality theory and variable word-final deletion in Faetar. Language Variation and Change, 9(1), 37–56. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nagy, N.
(2011) A multilingual corpus to explore geographic variation. Rassegna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata, 43(1–2), 65–84.Google Scholar
(2015) A sociolinguistic view of null subjects and VOT in Toronto heritage languages. Lingua, 164, 309–327. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nagy, N., Chociej, J., & Hoffman, M. F.
(2014) Analyzing ethnic orientation in the quantitative sociolinguistic paradigm. Language & Communication, 35, 9–26. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, J. M.
(1992) Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nortier, J.
(1990) Dutch-Moroccan Arabic code-switching among young Moroccans in the Netherlands, Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
(2012) “The more languages, the more English?”: A Dutch perspective. In A. De Houwer & A. Wilton (Eds.), English in Europe today. Sociocultural and educational perspectives (pp. 113–132). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
O’Grady, W.
(2011) Interfaces and processing. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1, 63–66. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, W., Schafer, A., Perla, J., Lee, On-Soon, & Wieting, J.
(2009) A psycholinguistic tool for the assessment of language loss: The HALA project. Language Documentation & Conservation, 3(1), 100–112.Google Scholar
O’Grady, W., Kwak, H.-Y., Lee, O.-S., & Lee, M.
(2011) An emergentist perspective on Heritage Language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(2), 223–245. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Odlin, T.
(1989) Language transfer: Cross-linguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Oh, J., S. Jun, Knightly, L., & Au, T.
(2003) Holding on to childhood language memory. Cognition, 86(3), B53–64. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Oller, D. K., & Eilers, R. E.
(Eds) (2002) Language and literacy in bilingual children. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Onar Valk, P.
(2015) Transformation in Dutch Turkish subordination?: Converging evidence of change regarding finiteness and word order in complex clauses (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tilburg University.Google Scholar
Oostindie, G.
(1995) Taal, geschiedenis en Antilliaanse identiteiten. In H. E. Coomans, M. Coomans-Eustatia, & P. Prins (Eds.) Caraïbische cadens. Liber amicorum opgedragen aan de Gevolmachtigde Minister van de Nederlandse Antillen Edsel A.V. [Papy] Jesurun (pp. 148–153). Bloemendaal: Stichting Libri Antilliani.Google Scholar
(2008) Migration and its legacies in the Dutch colonial world. In G. Oostindie (Ed.), Dutch colonialism, migration and cultural heritage (pp. 1–23). Leiden: KITLV Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Orellana, M. F. Faulstich, & D’warte, J.
(2010) A different kind of head start: Response to the early reading panel report. Educational Researcher, 39(4), 295–300. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Oriyama, K.
(2017) Reforming Australian policy for Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Korean heritage languages: Examples from the Japanese community. In O. Kagan, M. Carreira, & C. Hitchins Chik (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of heritage language education: From innovation to program building (pp. 265–281). London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, L.
(2014) Ways forward for a bi/multilingual turn in SLA. In S. May (ed.), The multilingual turn: Implications for SLA, TESOL, and bilingual education (pp. 32–53). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2016) Multi-competence in second language acquisition: Inroads into the mainstream? In V. Cook & L. Wei (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of linguistic multi-competence (pp. 50–76). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, L., & Byrnes, H.
(2010) The longitudinal study of advanced L2 capacities. Modern Language Journal, 94(1), 157–158. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Osch, B. van, Hulk, A., Sleeman, P., & Aalberse, S.
(2015) Heritage speakers’ knowledge of Spanish mood: Interfaces or variability. Presented at Bilingualism in the Hispanic and Lusophone World (BHL), Leiden University, 15 January.
Osch, B. van, & Sleeman, P.
(2018) Spanish heritage speakers in the Netherlands: Linguistic patterns in the judgment and production of mood. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(5), 513–529. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Osch, B. van, Hulk, A., Sleeman, P., & Irizarri van Suchtelen, P.
(2014) Gender agreement in interface contexts in the oral production of heritage speakers of Spanish in the Netherlands. In A. Auer & B. Köhnlein (Eds.), Linguistics in the Netherlands 2014 (Vol. 31., pp. 93–106). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Pap, L.
(1949) Portuguese American speech. An outline of speech conditions among Portuguese immigrants in New England and elsewhere in the United States. New York, NY: Columbia University, King’s Crown Press. Distributed by University Microfilms. Ann Arbor, MI 1979.Google Scholar
Paradis, C. & Prunet, J.-F.
(1991) Phonetics and phonology, 2: The special status of coronals: Internal and external evidence. New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Paradis, J., & Genesee, F.
(1996) Syntactic acquisition in bilingual children. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18(1), 1–25. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, M.
(2007) L1 attrition features predicted by a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism. In B. Köpke, M. S. Schmid, M. Keijzer, & S. Dostert (Eds.), Language attrition. Theoretical perspectives (pp. 121–133). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pauwels, A.
(2005) Maintaining the community language in Australia: Challenges and roles for families. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 8(2–3), 24–131.Google Scholar
Pavlenko, A., & Jarvis, S.
(2002) Bidirectional transfer. Applied Linguistics, 23(2), 190–214. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Peeters, D., Dijkstra, A., & Grainger, J.
(2013) The representation and processing of identical cognates by late bilinguals: RT and ERP effects. Journal of Memory and Language, 68, 315–332. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Perfetti, C. A., & Hart, L.
(2002) The lexical quality hypothesis. In L. Verhoeven, C. Elbro, & P. Reitsma (Eds.), Precursors of functional literacy (pp. 189–213). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pfaff, C.
(1979) Constraints on language-mixing: Intrasentential code-switching and borrowing in Spanish/English. Language, 55, 291–318. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1994) Early bilingual development of Turkish children in Berlin. In. G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), The cross-linguistic study of bilingual development (pp. 75–97). Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Phillips, C.
(2013) Some arguments and non-arguments for reductionist accounts of syntactic phenomena. Language and Cognitive Processes, 28, 156–187. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Piantadosi, S. T., Tily, H., & Gibson, E.
(2011) Word lengths are optimized for efficient communication. PNAS, 108(9), 3526–3529. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, M. J., & Garrod, S.
(2004) Toward a mechanistic psychology of dialogue. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 169–190; discussion 190–226. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, M. J., & Branigan, H. P.
(1998) The representation of verbs: Evidence from syntactic persistence in written language production. Journal of Memory & Language, 39, 633–651. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, M., Boas, H. C., & Roesch, K. A.
(2015) The history of front rounded vowels in New Braunfels German. In J. Bondi Johannessen & J. C. Salmons (Eds.), Germanic heritage languages in North America (pp. 117–132). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pires, A., & Rothman, J.
(2009) Disentangling sources of incomplete acquisition: An explanation for competence divergence across heritage grammars. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13(2), 11–238. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Place, S., & Hoff, E.
(2011) Properties of dual language exposure that influence 2-year-olds’ bilingual proficiency. Child Development, 82, 1834–1849. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M.
(2006) Incomplete acquisition: American Russian. Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 14, 191–262.Google Scholar
(2008a) Gender under incomplete acquisition: Heritage speakers’ knowledge of noun categorization. Heritage Language Journal, 6(1), 40–71.Google Scholar
(2008b) Heritage language narratives. In D. M. Brinton, O. Kagan & S. Bauckus (Eds.), Heritage language education: A new field emerging (pp. 149–164). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2008c) Relative clauses in heritage Russian: Fossilization or divergent grammar? Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics, 16, 333–358. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Slavic Publications.Google Scholar
(2011) Reanalysis in adult heritage language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(2), 305–328. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2018a) Heritage languages and their speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2018b) Bilingual children and adult heritage speakers: The range of comparison. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(5), 547–563. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M., & Kagan, O.
(2007) Heritage languages: In the ‘wild’ and in the classroom. Language and Linguistics Compass, 1(5), 368–395. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S.
(1980) Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish Y TERMINO EN ESPAÑOL: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics, 18, 581–618. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2017) Borrowing. Loanwords in the speech community and in the Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S., Sankoff, D., & Miller, C.
(1988) The social correlates and linguistic processes of lexical borrowing and assimilation. Linguistics, 26(1), 47–104. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S., Zentz, L., & Dion, N.
(2012) Phrase-final prepositions in Quebec French: An empirical study of contact, code-switching and resistance to convergence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(2), 203–225. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Postma, J.
(1974) The origin of African slaves: The Dutch activities on the Guinea coast, 1675–1795. In S. L. Engerman & E. D. Genovese (Eds.), Race and slavery in the Western hemisphere: Quantitative studies (pp. 33–49). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Poulisse, N., & Bongaerts, T.
(1994) First language use in second language production. Applied Linguistics, 15, 36–57. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Prada Pérez de, A., & Pascual y Cabo, D.
(2012) Interface heritage speech across proficiencies: Unaccusativity, focus, and subject position in Spanish. In K. Geeslin & M. Díaz-Campos (Eds.), Selected proceedings from the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium 2010 (pp. 308–318). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Prince, A., & Smolensky, P.
(2004) Optimality theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. Oxford: Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Prince, J. Dyneley
(1913) A text in Jersey Dutch. Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal en Letterkunde, 32, 306–312.Google Scholar
Putman, J. J.
(1849) Proeve eener Hollandsche spraakkunst, ten gebruike der algemeene armenschool. Curaçao: Author’s edition.Google Scholar
Putnam, M.
(2019) The (in)stability of grammars. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 41(2), 275–278. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, M., & Sánchez, L.
(2013) What’s so incomplete about incomplete acquisition? A prolegomenon to modeling heritage language grammars. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 3(4), 476–506. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, M., Kupisch, T., Pascual y Cabo, D.
(2018) Heritage grammars across the lifespan. In D. Miller, F. Bayram, J. Rothman, & L. Serratrice (Eds.), Bilingual cognition and language: The state of the science across its subfields (pp. 251–280). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, M., Perez-Cortes, S., & Sánchez, L.
(2019) Language attrition and the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis. In M. Schmid & B. Köpke (Eds.), Oxford handbook of language attrition (pp. 18–24). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Putte, F. van, & van Putte-de Windt, I.
(2005) Dikshonario Papiamentu-Hulandes; Hulandes-Papiamentu. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.Google Scholar
Putte, F. van
(1999) Dede pikiña ku su bisiña: Papiamentu-Nederlands en de onverwerkt verleden tijd. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.Google Scholar
Queen, R.
(2012) Turkish German bilinguals and their intonation: Triangulating evidence about contact-induced language change. Language, 88(4), 791–816. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Quint, N.
(2000) Le capverdien: Origines et devenir d’une languemétisse. Paris: l’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Ratzlaff, B.
(2008) Dikshonario Papiamentu – Ingles Dikshonario. Bonaire: TWA Dictionary Foundation.Google Scholar
Rehbein, J., Herkenrath, A., & Karakoc, B.
(2009a) Corpus Rehbein-SKOBI (sprachliche konnektivität bei bilingual türkisch-deutsch aufwachsenden kindern und jugendlichen).Google Scholar
Rehbein, J., Herkenrath, A., & Karakoç, B.
(2009b) Turkish in Germany on contact-induced language change of an immigrant language in the multilingual landscape of europe. STUF-Language Typology and Universals Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung, 62(3), 171–204.Google Scholar
Reinhart, T.
(1983) Anaphora and semantic interpretation. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
(2006) Interface strategies: Reference-set computation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Reuland, E. J.
(2011) Anaphora and language design. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Rickford, J., & Price, M.
(2013) Girlz II women: Age-grading, language change and stylistic variation. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 17(2), 143–179. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Riehl, C.
(2015) Language attrition, language contact and the concept of relic variety: The case of Barossa German. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 236, 261–293.Google Scholar
Riggenbach, H.
(1991) Toward an understanding of fluency: A microanalysis of non-native speaker conversations. Discourse Processes, 14(4), 423–441. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, A.
(2014) Bilingual speech in Russian-German language contact: Findings based on an analysis of natural conversations in Russian-speaking immigrant families in Germany. In H. Paulasto, L. Meriläinen, H. Riionheimo, & M. Kok (Eds.), Language contacts at the crossroads of disciplines (pp. 251–279). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.Google Scholar
Rivera-Gaxiola, M., Silva-Pereyra, J., & Kuhl, P. K.
(2005) Brain potentials to native and non-native speech contrasts in 7- and 11-month-old American infants. Developmental Science, 8, 162–172. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, I.
(1983) The Dutch linguistic legacy and the Guyana/Venezuela border question. Boletín de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 34, 75–97.Google Scholar
Robins, R. H., & Uhlenbeck, E. M.
(Eds.) (1991) Endangered languages. Oxford: Berg Publishers.Google Scholar
Rooij, V. de
(1996) Cohesion through contrast: Discourse structure in Shaba Swahili/French conversations (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Rothman, J.
(2007) Heritage speaker competence differences, language change and input type: Inflected infinitives in Heritage Brazilian Portuguese. International Journal of Bilingualism, 11(4), 359–389. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Understanding the nature and outcomes of early bilingualism: Romance languages as heritage languages. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13(2), 155–163. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, J.
(1962) Bilingualism in Paraguay. Anthropological Linguistics, 4, 52–58.Google Scholar
Rupert, L.
(2012) Creolization and contraband: Curaçao in the early modern Atlantic world. Athens: University of Georgia Press.Google Scholar
Sabino, R.
(2012) Language contact in the Danish West Indies: Giving Jack his jacket. Leiden: Brill. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Şahin, H.
(2015) Cross-linguistic influences: Dutch in contact with Papiamento & Turkish (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Radboud University, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Sakuma, T.
(2013) Performing “Japanese” in Brazil: Language ideologies in a Japanese Brazilian cultural association in Sao Paulo, Brazil (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Salmons, J. C.
(1990) Bilingual Discourse Marking: Codeswitching, borrowing and convergence in some German-American Dialects. Linguistics 28, 453–480.Google Scholar
Sanchez, T.
(2005) Constraints on structural borrowing in a multilingual contact situation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Sarhimaa, A.
(1999) Syntactic transfer, contact-induced change, and the evolution of bilingual mixed codes: Focus on Karelian-Russian language alternation (Studia Fennica Linguistica 9). Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.Google Scholar
Sauer, M.
(2010) Mediennutzungsmotive türkeistämmiger Migranten in Deutschland. Publizistik, 55, 55–76. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schaufeli, A.
(1991) Turkish in an immigrant setting, A comparative study of the first language of monolingual and bilingual immigrant children (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Scheele, A. F., Leseman, P. P. M., & Mayo, A. Y.
(2010) The home language environment of mono- and bilingual children and their language proficiency. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31, 117–140. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, M. S.
(2002) First language attrition, use and maintenance: The case of German Jews in Anglophone countries. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2007) Language attrition: Theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
(2009) On L1 attrition and the linguistic system. Eurosla Yearbook, 9, 212–244. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2012) The impact of age and exposure on forgetting and retention of the birth language in international adoptees: A perspective from Holocaust survivors. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 2(2), 177–208. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, M. S., & Dusseldorp, E.
(2010) Innovative and quantitative methods for bilingualism research. Second Language Research, 26(1), 5–11. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, A.
(1985) Young people’s Dyirbal: An example of language death from Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schoenmakers-Klein Gunnewiek, M.
(1997) Dutch language loss and the Conceptual Hypothesis. In J. Klatter-Folmer & S. Kroon (Eds.), Dutch overseas: Studies in maintenance and loss of Dutch as an immigrant language (pp. 99–119). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.Google Scholar
(1998) Taalverlies door taalcontact? Een onderzoek bij Portugese migranten (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tilburg University.Google Scholar
Schoonbaert, S., Hartsuiker, R. J., & Pickering, M. J.
(2007) The representation of lexical and syntactic information in bilinguals: Evidence from syntactic priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 56, 153–171. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schüpbach, D.
(2009) Language transmission revisited: Family type, linguistic environment and language attitudes. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 12(1), 15–30. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, B. D.
(2006) What’s left in early L2 architecture. Second Language, 5, 3–26.Google Scholar
Schwartz, M., & Verschik, A.
(2013) Achieving success in family language policy: Parents, children and educators in interaction. In M. Schwartz & A. Verschik (Eds.), Successful family language policy. Parents, children and educators in interaction (pp. 1–23). Dordrecht: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, R. G., & Terrell, B. T.
(1983) The role of input frequency in early lexical acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 9, 57–64. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Seaman, P. D.
(1972) Modern Greek and American English. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Sebba, M.
(1993) London Jamaican: Language systems in interaction. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Sevinç, Y., & Backus, A.
(2017) Anxiety, language use and linguistic competence in an immigrant context: a vicious circle?. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sherkina-Lieber, M.
(2015) Tense, aspect, and agreement in heritage Labrador Inuttitut: Do receptive bilinguals understand functional morphology? Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 5(1), 30–61. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Shi, Menghui
(2011) A study of mood particle in the Suzhou Dialect in Qing dynasty. The Research of Wu Dialect, 6, 256–269.Google Scholar
Shin, S. J.
(2002) Birth order and the language experience of bilingual children. Tesol Quarterly 36(1), 103–113. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C.
(1994) Language contact and change: Spanish in Los Angeles. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
(2014) Bilingual language acquisition: Spanish and English in the first six years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2018) Simultaneous bilingualism: Early developments, incomplete later outcomes?. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(5), 497–512. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C., & Treffers-Daller, J.
(Eds.) (2016) Language dominance in bilinguals: Issues of measurement and operationalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Skutnabb-Kangas, T.
(2002) When languages disappear, are bilingual education and human rights a cure? Two scenarios. In Li Wei, J.-M. Dewaele, & A. Housen (Eds.), Opportunities and challenges of bilingualism (pp. 45–67). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Skutnabb-Kangas, T., Phillipson, R., & Rannut, M.
(1994) Linguistic human rights: Overcoming linguistic discrimination. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Smits, C.
(1996) Disintegration of inflection: The case of Iowa Dutch (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Smits, E., Martensen, H., Dijkstra, A., & Sandra, D.
(2006) Naming interlingual homographs: Variable competition and the role of the decision system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 281–297. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A.
(2011) Pinning down the concept of “interface” in bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1(1), 1–33. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Spolsky, B.
(2009) Language management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sprouse, J.
(2011) A validation of Amazon Mechanical Turk for the collection of acceptability judgments in linguistic theory. Behavior Research Methods, 43, 155–167. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stansfield, C., & Hansen, J.
(1983) Field dependence-independence as a variable in second language Cloze Test performance. Tesol Quarterly, 17(1), 29–38. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Steensig, J.
(2001) Some notes on the use of conversation analysis in the study of bilingual interaction. In J. N. Jørgensen (Ed.), Multilingual behavior in youth groups: Scandinavian studies in the simultaneous use of two or more languages in group conversations among children and adolescents (pp. 55–79). Copenhagen: Copenhagen Studies of Bilingualism.Google Scholar
Swadesh, M.
(1971) The origin and diversification of language, J. Sherzer (Ed.), Post mortem. Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Tahitu, B.
(1989) Melaju sini, het Maleis van Molukse jongeren in Nederland (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Leiden University:Google Scholar
Tarone, E., & Bigelow, M.
(2005) Impact of literacy on oral language processing: Implications for SLA research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 25, 77–97. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tarone, E., Bigelow, M., & Hansen, K.
(2009) Literacy and second language oracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Thomason, S. G., & Kaufman, T.
(1988) Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Toribio, A. J.
(2004) Convergence as an optimization strategy in bilingual speech: Evidence from code-switching. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(2), 165–173. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Torres Cacoullos, R., & Travis, C. E.
(2015) Gauging convergence on the ground: Code-switching in the community. International Journal of Bilingualism, 19(4), 365–386. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Torres Cacoullos, R.
(2000) Grammaticization, synchronic variation, and language contact. A study of Spanish progressive -ndo constructions. Amsterdam:: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Townsend, D. J., & Bever, T. G.
(2001) Sentence comprehension: The integration of habits and rules. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Treffers-Daller, J.
(1994) Mixing two languages: French-Dutch contact in a comparative perspective. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Operationalising and measuring language dominance. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15(2), 147–163. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, P.
(2011) Sociolinguistic typology: Social determinants of linguistic complexity. Oxford: Oxford. University Press.Google Scholar
Tsimpli, I. M., & Sorace, A.
(2006) Differentiating interfaces: L2 performance in syntax/semantics and syntax/discourse phenomena. In D. Bamman, T. Magnitskaia, & C. Zaller (Eds.), BUCLD 30, Proceedings of the 30th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (pp. 653–664). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Türker, E.
(2000) Turkish-Norwegian codeswitching. Evidence from intermediate and second generation Turkish immigrants in Norway. Oslo: Unipub Forlag.Google Scholar
UCLA Steering Committee
(2001) Heritage language research priorities conference report. Los Angeles, CA: University of California. Retrieved from http://​www​.cal​.org​/heritage​/involved​/hlprioritesconf00​.pdf (December 26, 2007).
Ullman, M. T.
(2001) The neural basis of lexicon and grammar in first and second language: The declarative/procedural model. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4, 105–122. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
UNESCO
(1953) The use of vernacular languages in education. Paris: UNESCO.Google Scholar
Unsworth, S.
(2013) Current issues in multilingual first language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 21–50. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Valdés, G.
(1995) The teaching of minority languages as academic subjects: Pedagogical and theoretical challenges. Modern Language Journal, 79(3), 299–328. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2000) Spanish for native speakers: AATSP professional development series. Handbook for teachers K-16 (Vol. 1). New York, NY: Harcourt College Publishers.Google Scholar
Van Assche, E., Drieghe, D., Duyck, W., Welvaert, M., & Hartsuiker, R. J.
(2011) The influence of semantic constraints on bilingual word recognition during sentence reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 64, 88–107. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Van Coetsem, F.
(1988) Loan phonology and the two transfer types in language contact. Dordrecht: Foris. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2000) A general and unified theory of the transmission process in language contact. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
Van Deusen-Scholl, N.
(1998) Heritage language instruction: Issues and challenges. AILA Newsletter, 1, 12–14.Google Scholar
(2003) Toward a definition of heritage language: Sociopolitical and pedagogical considerations. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 2(3), 211–30. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Vasilyeva, M., Waterfall, H., Gámez, P. B., Gómez, L. E., Bowers, E., & Shimpi, P.
(2010) Cross-linguistic syntactic priming in bilingual children. Journal of Child Language, 37, 1047–1064.Google Scholar
Vazsonyi, A.
(1995) Tul a kecegardan/Beyond castle garden. An American Hungarian dictionary of the Calumet region, ed. by M. Kontra. Budapest: Teleki László Alapítvány.Google Scholar
Vedder, P., Muysken, P., & Kook, H.
(1996) Language choice and functional differentiation of languages in bilingual parent-child reading. Applied Psycholinguistics, 17, 461–484. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Veenman, J.
(1994) The social integration of Moluccans. Lelystad: Koninklijke Vermande.Google Scholar
(2001) Molukse jongeren in Nederland. Integratie met de rem erop. Assen: Koninklijke Van Gorcum.Google Scholar
Vellard, J.
(1949) Contribution à l’étude des indiens Urus ou Kot’suns. Travaux de l’Institut Français des Études Andines I (pp. 145–209). Paris-Lima.Google Scholar
Verhallen, M., & Schoonen, R.
(1998) Lexical knowledge in L1 and L2 of third and fifth graders. Applied Linguistics, 19(4), 452–470. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Verhoef, K., Roelofs, A., & Chwilla, D. J.
(2009) Role of inhibition in language switching: Evidence from event-related brain potentials in overt picture naming. Cognition, 110(1), 84–99. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Verhoeven, L.
(2000) Components in early second language reading and spelling. Scientific Studies of Reading, 4(4), 314–330. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Vermeer, A.
(2001) Breadth and depth of vocabulary in relation to acquisition and frequency of input. Applied Psycholinguistics, 22(2), 217–234. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Vermes, G., & Boutet, J.
(Eds.) (1987) France, pays multilingue. Pratiques de langues en France. Paris: l’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Verschik, A.
(2014) Bare participle forms in the speech of Lithuanian Yiddish heritage speakers: Multiple causation. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 226, 213–235.Google Scholar
Versteegh, K.
(2014) The Arabic language (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Vertovec, S.
(2001) Transnationalism and identity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(4), 573–582. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2007) Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29(6), 1024–54. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010) Towards post-multiculturalism? Changing communities, conditions and contexts of diversity. International Social Science Journal, 199, 83–95. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Vertovec, S., & Cohen, R.
(Eds.) (1999) Migration, diasporas and transnationalism. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Villerius, S.
(2019) Development of Surinamese Javanese: Language contact and change in a multilingual context (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Radboud University, Nijmegen.Google Scholar
Villerius, S., Moro, F., & Klamer, M.
To appear). Encoding transfer events in Surinamese Javanese. Journal of Language Contact.
Weber, K., & Indefrey, P.
(2009) Shared syntactic information in German-English bilinguals: An fMRI repetition suppression study. Neuroimage, 46, 1164–1172. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Werker, J. F., Gilbert, J. H. V., Humphreys, K., & Tees, R. C.
(1981) Developmental aspects of cross-language speech perception. Child Development, 52, 349–355. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wertheim, S.
(2003) Linguistic purism, language shift, and contact-induced change in Tatar (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Wong Fillmore, L.
(1991) When learning a second language means losing the first. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 6(3), 323–346. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wong-Fillmore, L.
(2011) An ecological perspective on intergenerational language transmission. In M. E. Romero-Little, S. J. Ortiz, & T. L. McCarty (Eds.), Indigenous languages across the generations – Strengthening families and communities (pp. 19–48). Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, R. E.
(1970) Papiamentu: Dutch contributions (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana University.Google Scholar
(1971) The English loanwords in Papiamentu. Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 48, 173–189. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1972) Dutch syntactic loans in Papiamentu. Revue des Langues Vivantes, 38(6), 635–647.Google Scholar
Woolard, K. A.
(1989) Language convergence and language death as social processes. In N. Dorian (Ed.) Investigating obsolescence: Studies in language contraction and death (pp. 355–367). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yagmur, K., & Kroon, S.
(2003) Ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions and language revitalisation in Bashkortostan. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 24(4), 319–336. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yagmur, K., & Akinci, M.-A.
(2003) Language use, choice, maintenance and ethnolinguistic vitality of Turkish speakers in France: Intergenerational differences. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 164, 107–128.Google Scholar
Yeni-Komshian, G., Flege, J. E., & Liu, S.
(2000) Pronunciation proficiency in first and second languages of Korean–English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 131–149. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yılmaz, G.
(2013) Bilingual language development among the first generation Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Yip, V., & S. Matthews
(2007) The Bilingual Child: Early Development and Language Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zabrodskaja, A.
(2009) Russian-Estonian language contacts: Grammatical aspects of language use and change (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tallin University, Estonia.Google Scholar
Zeeuw, M. de, Verhoeven, L., & Schreuder, R.
(2012) Morphological family size effects in young first and second language learners: Evidence of cross-language semantic activation in visual word recognition. Language Learning, 62(1), 68–92. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zeeuw, M. de, Schreuder, R., & Verhoeven, L.
(2013) Processing of regular and irregular past-tense verb forms in first and second language reading acquisition. Language Learning, 63(4), 740–765. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2015) Lexical processing of nominal compounds in first- and second-language learners across primary grades. Writing Systems Research, 7(2), 133–156. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zenner, E., Speelman, D., & Geeraerts, D.
(2013) Macro and micro perspectives on the distribution of English in Dutch. A quantitative usage-based analysis of job ads. Linguistics, 51(5), 1019–1064. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zipf, G. K.
(1949) Human behavior and the principle of least effort. An introduction to human ecology. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley Press.Google Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 13 other publications

Antonova-Unlu, Elena, Li Wei & Didem Kaya-Soykan
2021. Interfaces in the returnees’ heritage language: Is the complete (re-)activation possible?. International Journal of Bilingualism ► pp. 136700692110435 ff. Crossref logo
Bayram, Fatih
2020.  In Studies in Turkish as a Heritage Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 60], ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Bayram, Fatih, Maki Kubota, Alicia Luque, Diego Pascual y Cabo & Jason Rothman
2021. You Can’t Fix What Is Not Broken: Contextualizing the Imbalance of Perceptions About Heritage Language Bilingualism. Frontiers in Education 6 Crossref logo
D'Alessandro, Roberta
2021. Syntactic Change in Contact: Romance. Annual Review of Linguistics 7:1 ► pp. 309 ff. Crossref logo
D'Alessandro, Roberta, David Natvig & Michael T. Putnam
2021. Addressing Challenges in Formal Research on Moribund Heritage Languages: A Path Forward. Frontiers in Psychology 12 Crossref logo
Iefremenko, Kateryna, Christoph Schroeder & Jaklin Kornfilt
2021. Converbs in heritage Turkish: A contrastive approach. Nordic Journal of Linguistics ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Kaya-Soykan, Didem, Elena Antonova-Unlu & Cigdem Sagin-Simsek
2020. The production and perception of Turkish evidentiality markers by Turkish-German returnees. Applied Linguistics Review 0:0 Crossref logo
Lorenz, Eliane, Yevheniia Hasai & Peter Siemund
2021. Multilingual lexical transfer challenges monolingual educational norms: not quite!. Multilingua 0:0 Crossref logo
Nagy, Naomi & Marisa Brook
2020. Constraints on speech rate: A heritage-language perspective. International Journal of Bilingualism ► pp. 136700692092093 ff. Crossref logo
Rao, Rajiv & Sandro Sessarego
2020.  In Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 28], ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Romanowski, Piotr
2021. A deliberate language policy or a perceived lack of agency: Heritage language maintenance in the Polish community in Melbourne. International Journal of Bilingualism ► pp. 136700692110008 ff. Crossref logo
van Baal, Yvonne & David Natvig
2021. Introduction to the special issue on Heritage languages & Bilingualism. Nordic Journal of Linguistics ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Wu, Ruilin & Esli Struys
2021. Language Dominance and Sociolinguistic Experience Are Related to Language Control and Domain-General Monitoring Control: An Investigation in Bilinguals Who Live in a Minority/Majority Sociolinguistic Setting. Frontiers in Psychology 12 Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 18 september 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Subjects & Metadata

Linguistics

Applied linguistics
Contact Linguistics
Language acquisition
Multilingualism
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
BIC Subject: CFDM – Bilingualism & multilingualism
BISAC Subject: LAN020000 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Study & Teaching
ONIX Metadata
ONIX 2.1
ONIX 3.0
U.S. Library of Congress Control Number:  2019038038 | Marc record